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Recolector de Ciencia Abierta, RECOLECTA
Bachelor thesis . 2014
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Eradicació de la poliomielitis

Authors: Jambrina Albiach, Anna Maria;

Eradicació de la poliomielitis

Abstract

[cat] La poliomielitis és una malaltia viral infecciosa, d’importància mundial. Afecta a nens menor de 5 anys i pot produir paràlisis. Objectius: Descriure la situació i les actuacions actuals envers l’eradicació de la poliomielitis, conèixer les estratègies de vigilància i control de les malalties infeccioses prevenibles per vacunació, i adquirir competències de cerca i interpretació de les fonts bibliogràfiques consultades. Mètode: Cerca bibliogràfica d’informació actual sobre la poliomielitis i els plans d’eradicació de la malaltia a bases de dades i pàgines web oficials com la OMS i el Centro Nacional de Epidemiología del Instituto Carlos III. Resultats: La Iniciativa d’Eradicació Mundial de la Poliomielitis ha reduït la incidència d’aquesta malaltia en un 99% i el nombre de països on era endèmica ha passat de 125 a 3 (Afganistan, Nigèria i Pakistan). La persistència de la transmissió del poliovirus ha permès posar en marxa plans d’emergència com el Pla estratègic integral per l’eradicació de la poliomielitis i la fase final 2013-2018. Al 2002, es va certificar l’eliminació de la poliomielitis a Europa. Espanya va implantar la vigilància de la paràlisis aguda flàccida al 1998 i, posteriorment, al 2012 es van notificar 23 casos, tots ells vacunats correctament. Conclusions: La aplicació mundial del Pla d’Eradicació de la Poliomielitis permetrà eradicar la malaltia i obtenir beneficis en matèria de salut pública. El manteniment de les cobertures de vacunació i d’un sistema de vigilància actiu evitarà la reintroducció del virus en països no endèmics. [eng] Poliomyelitis is a viral infectious disease of global importance. It affects children under 5 years old and it can cause paralysis. Objectives: Describe the current situation and actions towards poliomyelitis eradication, know the strategies of surveillance and control of vaccine-preventable infectious diseases and acquire research and interpretation skills of the literature sources consulted. Method: Literature search of current information about poliomyelitis and its eradication using databases and official websites as the WHO and “Centro Nacional de Epidemiología del Instituto Carlos III”. Results: The Global Poliomyelitis Eradication Initiative has reduced its incidence by 99% and the number of endemic countries has decreased from 125 to 3 (Afghanistan, Nigeria and Pakistan). The persistence of poliovirus transmission has enabled to launch emergency plans as “Pla estratègic integral per l’eradicació de la poliomielitis” and the final phase 2013-2018. In 2002, elimination of poliomyelitis in Europe was certified. In 1998, Spain implemented the surveillance acute flaccid paralysis and later in 2002, were notified 23 cases, all of them properly immunized. Conclusions: The global application of the Polio Eradication Plan will allow the eradication of the disease and obtain Public Health benefits. Maintaining vaccination coverage and an active surveillance system will prevent virus reintroduction in non-endemic countries.

Treballs Finals de Grau de Farmàcia, Facultat de Farmàcia, Universitat de Barcelona, 2014. Tutora: Núria Torner Gràcia.

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Spain
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Keywords

Public health, Bachelor's thesis, Vaccination, Immunology, Bachelor's theses, Microbiologia, Treballs de fi de grau, Poliomielitis, Malalties infeccioses, Communicable diseases, Salut pública, Microbiology, Vacunació, Immunologia, Poliomyelitis

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selected citations
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This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
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popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
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