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Filosofía, ciencia social y cognición humana

Authors: Mundó Blanch, Jordi;

Filosofía, ciencia social y cognición humana

Abstract

Tradicionalmente, las ciencias sociales se han fundado en categorías de sentido común para describir la realidad, de modo que aceptan tácitamente el principio de la folk psychology, según el cual las personas actúan para conseguir aquello que desean, dadas unas creencias. Sin embargo, aunque los deseos y las creencias puedan ser causas de la acción, no hay modo de definir de forma conceptualmente independiente cada uno de estos elementos con el fin de elaborar leyes de la acción que sean informativas y empíricamente corregibles o ajustables. Se hace necesario substituir este sistema explicativo por otro que «divida la naturaleza por sus articulaciones». Alejada del fallido programa de investigación conductista, la ciencia social puede explorar nuevas vías para convertirse en una disciplina rigurosa equipada con un conjunto de teorías que permitan reorganizar las valiosas observaciones disponibles y sugerir nuevas hipótesis interdisciplinariamente integradas. Sin embargo, esto no ocurrirá en la medida en que no haya forma de escapar a las limitaciones de la folk psychology. El presente artículo trata de mostrar cómo la psicología evolucionaria, centrada en los mecanismos evolucionados de procesamiento de información presentes en la mente humana, proporcionaría la conexión causal necesaria entre la biología evolucionaria y los complejos e irreductibles fenómenos sociales y culturales estudiados por sociólogos, economistas, antropólogos e historiadores.

In the social sciences there has been almost universal agreement that the descriptive categories that common sense has used since the dawn of history are the right ones. Folk psychology tells us that people do the things they do roughly because they want certain ends and believe these acts will help attain them. However, beliefs and desires may be causes, but we can never find descriptions of them independent enough from one another to enable us to frame laws about them that have much informative content or improvable predictive power. We should replace this explanatory system with one that «carves nature at the joints». Far from the misguided and failed behaviorist research program, social science has an opportunity to turn itself into a theoretically rigorous discipline in which a powerful set of theories organize observations and suggest focused new hypotheses. This cannot hap-pen, however, as long as folk psychology continue to set the research agenda. The goal of this article is to clarify how evolutionary psychology, by focusing on the evolved information- processing mechanisms that comprise the human mind, supplies the necessary causal connection between evolutionary biology and the complex, irreducible social and cultural phenomena studied by sociologists, economists, anthropologists, and historians.

Country
Spain
Related Organizations
Keywords

Conductivisme metodològic, Cognitive science, Causation, Developmental psychology, Social philosophy, Psicologia del desenvolupament, Filosofía de la ciencia social, Etnopsicologia, Evolutionary psychology, Psicologia evolucionària, Folk psychology, Causalitat, Causalidad, Causality, Ethnopsychology, Ciència cognitiva, Conductismo metodológico, Methodological behaviorism, Philosophy of social science, Filosofia de la ciència social, Casualitat, Psicología evolucionaria, Ciencia cognitiva, Filosofia social

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selected citations
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This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
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popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
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