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Bachelor thesis . 2025
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Análisis de componentes principales y optimización de carteras de inversión

Authors: Zarzoso Altemir, Héctor;

Análisis de componentes principales y optimización de carteras de inversión

Abstract

En la gestión de carteras, un inversor siempre se enfrenta al reto de no saber en qué activos financieros invertir su capital disponible y qué proporción de sus recursos asignar a cada uno de ellos. El desafío es mayúsculo, puesto que los mercados son impredecibles y, por tanto, conocer el entorno que te rodea y tu predisposición a los riesgos a los que te expones será fundamental a la hora de seleccionar la cartera más eficiente posible. Esta aversión o no a escenarios de incertidumbre y los rendimientos que el inversor espere conseguir a la hora de confeccionar su cartera, para poder conocer la eficiencia de esta, van a ser las hipótesis del modelo de Markowitz. De esta forma, este trabajo se enfoca en dar respuesta a cómo los inversores pueden conseguir optimizar sus carteras de inversión. Para ello, se verá desde un punto de vista estático el modelo expuesto por Harry M. Markowitz, el modelo de valoración de activos financieros CAPM y se ampliará desde un punto de vista dinámico para comprender el papel de la incertidumbre en el modelo de Markowitz. Finalmente, se replicará, a partir de la técnica estadística del análisis de componentes principales, una cartera de un índice bursátil que explique la volatilidad del mercado para poder elegir y posteriormente optimizar las carteras más eficientes posibles.

In portfolio management, an investor always faces the challenge of not knowing in which financial assets to invest his available capital and what proportion of his resources to allocate to each of them. The challenge is huge since the markets are unpredictable and, therefore, knowing the environment that surrounds you and your predisposition to the risks to which you are exposed will be essential when it comes to select the most efficient portfolio. This aversion or not to encertainty scenarios and the returns that the investor expects to achieve when creating his portfolio, in order to know its efficiency, will be the hypotheses of the Markowitz model. In this way, this work focuses on responding to how investors can optimize their investment portfolios. To do this, the model presented by Harry M. Markowitz, the CAPM financial asset pricing model, will be seen from a static point of view and expanded from a dynamic point of view to understand the role of uncertainty in the Markowitz model. Finally, using the statistical technique of principal component analysis, a portfolio of a stock market index that explains the volatility of the market will be replicated to be able to choose and subsequently optimize the most efficient portfolios.

Treballs Finals del Doble Grau d'Administració i Direcció d'Empreses i de Matemàtiques, Facultat d'Economia i Empresa i Facultat de Matemàtiques i Informàtica, Universitat de Barcelona, Curs: 2024-2025, Tutor: José Manuel Corcuera Valverde

Country
Spain
Related Organizations
Keywords

Estadística econòmica, Control theory, Economic statistics, Bachelor's theses, Portfolio management, Teoria de control, Treballs de fi de grau, Càlcul de variacions, Gestió de cartera, Calculus of variations

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
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