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Autolesiones no suicidas, trastornos de la conducta alimentaria, regulación emocional y afrontamiento. Un estudio con perspectiva de género

Authors: Ramirez López, Elisa;

Autolesiones no suicidas, trastornos de la conducta alimentaria, regulación emocional y afrontamiento. Un estudio con perspectiva de género

Abstract

[spa] Objetivo: este estudio pretende determinar: 1) si existe relación entre las autolesiones no suicidas (ANS) y ciertas variables psicológicas; y 2) examinar la relación de las ANS con el riesgo de padecer un trastorno de la conducta alimentaria (TCA), con la desregulación emocional, y con el uso ciertas estrategias de afrontamiento. También se examinan posibles predictores de las ANS. Todo el estudio ha sido realizado desde una perspectiva de género. Método: 321 personas de entre 14 y 35 años completaron cuestionarios sobre ANS, funcionamiento psicológico, TCA, emociones y estrategias de afrontamiento. Resultados: las personas que han realizado ANS presentan niveles más elevados de alteraciones psicológicas, peor regulación emocional y más riesgo de TCA que las personas que no. También tienden a utilizar en mayor medida estrategias como la autocrítica, la expresión emocional, el pensamiento desiderativo, la retirada social y un menor uso de la reestructuración cognitiva. Las mujeres presentan peor estado psicológico que los hombres, así como una mayor desregulación emocional. Las mujeres utilizan más las ANS con función intrapersonal, presentan una mayor desregulación emocional y un mayor riesgo de TCA. La desregulación emocional, el riesgo de TCA¸ la ansiedad y la alexitimia, actúan como variables predictoras de las ANS en mujeres. El estrés y la presencia de un diagnóstico de salud mental actúan como variables predictoras en hombres. Conclusión: la presencia de ANS se relaciona con mayor malestar psicológico, peor regulación emocional, mayor riesgo de TCA, mayor uso de estrategias como la autocrítica, la expresión emocional, el pensamiento desiderativo, la retirada social, y un menor uso de la reestructuración cognitiva. Aunque este estudio no pueda confirmar causalidad, las mujeres tendrían una mayor presencia de ciertas variables predictoras de ANS que podrían ser consecuencia de los roles de género femeninos.

[eng] Objective: the aim of this study was: 1) to determine whether there is a relationship between non-suicidal self-injuries (NSSI) and certain psychological variables; and 2) to examine the relationship of NSSI with the risk of having an eating disorder (ED), emotional dysregulation, and the use of certain coping strategies. The study also explores possible predictors of NSSI. The whole study has been done considering a gender perspective. Method: 321 participants between 14 and 35 years of age completed a series of questionnaires about NSSI, psychological functioning, ED, emotions, and coping strategies. Results: individuals who had engaged in NSSI reported higher levels of psychological disturbance, worse emotional regulation, and a higher risk of ED compared to those who have not engaged in NSSI. They also reported a higher use of coping strategies such as self-criticism, emotional expression, wishful thinking and social withdrawal, and a lower use of cognitive 6 restructuring. Women showed worse psychological outcomes and higher emotional dysregulation than men. A relationship was found between using NSSI with an intrapersonal function and high emotional dysregulation and high ED risk in women. Emotional dysregulation, ED risk, anxiety and alexithymia acted as predictors of NSSI among women. Stress and the presence of a mental health diagnostic acted as predictors of NSSI among men. Conclusions: the presence of NSSI is related to psychological distress, low emotional regulation, ED risk, high use of strategies such as self-criticism, emotional expression, wishful thinking, and social withdrawal, and a lower use of cognitive restructuring. Although this study cannot confirm causality, women could have a higher presence of certain predictors of NSSI which could be consequence of feminine gender roles.

Treball del Màster de Psicologia General Sanitària. Curs 2022-2023, Tutoria: Carmina Saldaña. V Premi Rosalind Franklin al millor Treball Final de Màster amb perspectiva de gènere de la Universitat de Barcelona, curs 2022-2023. Menció honorífica.

Country
Spain
Related Organizations
Keywords

Conducta autolesiva, Depressió psíquica, Gènere, Trastorns de la conducta alimentària, Treballs de fi de màster

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popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
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This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
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impulse
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