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Doctoral thesis . 2022
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Recolector de Ciencia Abierta, RECOLECTA
Doctoral thesis . 2022
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Doctoral thesis . 2022
License: CC BY NC ND
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Liminidad y aprendizaje situado en educación superior: una aproximación no lineal y fenomenográfica

Authors: Calduch Pérez, Isaac;

Liminidad y aprendizaje situado en educación superior: una aproximación no lineal y fenomenográfica

Abstract

El aprendizaje universitario es un proceso complejo, cuya naturaleza es dinámica y emergente. Estudios recientes han identificado trayectorias de aprendizaje que se podrían describir como multidireccionales, recursivas, erráticas e incluso caóticas. Para poder comprender mejor dichos procesos de aprendizaje es necesario aproximarse a ellos de forma diferente. Para lograrlo, esta tesis se fundamenta en la noción de liminalidad y en el enfoque ontoepistémico situado. Por un lado, la noción de la liminalidad acompañada del Marco de los Conceptos Umbrales, aporta nuevas posibilidades interpretativas con su propuesta del espacio liminal, un espacio de transformación epistemológica y ontológica caracterizado precisamente por ser altamente dinámico y emergente. Por otro lado, el enfoque ontoepistémico situado tiene muchas implicaciones sobre el aprendizaje, en sus tres niveles de abstracción: el micro relativo a la cognición situada, el meso relativo al conocimiento situado feminista, y el macro relativo a las epistemologías del sur. A nivel metodológico, se ha realizado un estudio fenomenográfico en dos fases. Una primera fase centrada en identificar los conceptos umbrales del campo de la investigación educativa, mediante entrevistas en profundidad a estudiantado y profesorado. Y una segunda fase cuyo objetivo era comprender los procesos de aprendizaje de dichos conceptos umbrales, mediante el análisis documental de diarios reflexivos elaborados por el estudiantado, entrevistas y observación no participante. Los resultados obtenidos han permitido, por una parte, identificar doce conceptos umbrales de primer orden relativos al campo de la investigación educativa y cuatro conceptos umbrales de segundo orden (sentido de la investigación educativa, dualidad EMIC/ETIC, el rol de la subjetividad y la noción de paradigma). Por otra parte, los resultados obtenidos también han contribuido a comprender mejor las trayectorias de aprendizaje de estos conceptos umbrales y la naturaleza dinámica que caracteriza el espacio liminal, mediante nociones tales como: variación preliminal y postliminal, transformaciones inesperadas y híbridas, ambigüedad oscilatoria, obstáculos ontológicos, regresión cognitiva. procesos exploratorios de comprensión, y trayectorias erráticas. En definitiva, el lector encontrará en esta tesis una propuesta para pensar el aprendizaje universitario desde nuevas coordenadas epistemológicas, como son la liminalidad y el enfoque ontoepistémico situado, las cuales se ajustan mejor a su naturaleza dinámica y no lineal. A su vez, es una defensa de una educación superior que promueva procesos de aprendizaje transformadores y que tenga en consideración su dimensión ontológica y afectiva.

University learning is a complex process, whose nature is dynamic and emergent. Latest studies have identified learning trajectories that could be described as multidirectional, recursive, erratic, and even chaotic. To better understand these learning processes, it is necessary to approach them in new ways. To achieve this, this thesis is based on the notion of liminality and the situated onto- epistemic approach. On the one hand, the notion of liminality and the Threshold Concepts Framework opens up new interpretative possibilities with the idea of liminal space, a space of epistemological and ontological transformation characterized precisely for being highly dynamic and emergent. On the other hand, the situated onto-epistemic approach has many implications for learning, at its three levels of abstraction: the micro level which refers to Situated Cognition, the meso level which refers to Feminist Situated Knowledge, and the macro level which refers to the Epistemologies of the South. At the methodological level, a phenomenographic study was conducted in two phases. The first phase focused on the identification of threshold concepts in the field of educational research, through in-depth interviews with students and teachers. The second phase aimed to understand the learning processes of these threshold concepts, through the analysis of students’ reflective diaries, interviews and non-participant observation. The results help to identify twelve first-order threshold concepts emerging from the field of educational research and four second-order threshold concepts (meaning in educational research, emic-etic duality, the role of subjectivity and the notion of paradigm). The results obtained have also contributed to a better understanding of the learning trajectories of these threshold concepts and the dynamic nature that characterizes the liminal space, through notions such as: preliminal and postliminal variation, unexpected and hybrid transformations, oscillatory ambiguity, ontological obstacles, cognitive regression, exploratory processes of conceptual understanding, and erratic trajectories. In short, this doctoral thesis is intended as an invitation to rethink learning in higher education from new epistemological approaches, such as liminality and the situated onto-epistemic approach, which are sensitive to its dynamic and non-linear nature. At the same time, it is a defence of a higher education that promotes transformative learning processes and that considers its ontological and affective dimension.

Programa de Doctorat en Educació i Societat

Country
Spain
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Keywords

Educació superior, Universities, Formación de profesores, Universitats, Universidades, Aprendizaje de conceptos, 378, Teacher training, Concept learning, Aprenentatge dels conceptes, Ciències de l'Educació, Enseñanza superior, Higher education, Formació del professorat

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
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