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Interacciones y patrones evolutivos de los caracteres de historia de vida en humanos. Influencia de los factores sociales y culturales sobre el patrón reproductivo

Authors: Gavrus Ion, Alina;

Interacciones y patrones evolutivos de los caracteres de historia de vida en humanos. Influencia de los factores sociales y culturales sobre el patrón reproductivo

Abstract

En nuestra especie, los hombres y las mujeres presentan un patrón reproductivo diferenciado: los hombres retienen el potencial reproductivo hasta edades avanzadas, mientras que las mujeres ven restringida su vida reproductiva por la menarquia y la menopausia. Los caracteres de historia de vida (LHT, del inglés Life History Traits) son aquellos caracteres relacionados con la supervivencia y la reproducción, tales como la longevidad, el período reproductivo, el número de hijos y su supervivencia. Estos caracteres están determinados por la selección sexual y están relacionados con diferentes factores ambientales. El objetivo principal de esta tesis es ahondar en los patrones evolutivos de los LHT y la influencia de los factores sociales y culturales en el patrón reproductivo humano. La historia familiar de Hallstatt (Austria) reconstruida gracias a los registros parroquiales de nacimientos, matrimonios y defunciones de 1602 a 1900 para católicos y de 1783 a 1906 para protestantes ha permitido alcanzar este propósito. Los resultados obtenidos se detallan en tres manuscritos. En el primer manuscrito se evaluó y comparó la heredabilidad de los LHT y de los caracteres morfológicos (MT); en el segundo se compararon la supervivencia y la reproducción de los católicos y los protestantes para determinar la influencia de la religión sobre los LHT; mientras que en el tercero se analizó la influencia de factores ambientales y de historia de vida sobre la supervivencia infantil a un año. En el primer artículo, los LHT mostraron una baja heredabilidad (h2) en comparación con los MT debido a una alta influencia de los factores ambientales en los LHT. En el segundo trabajo, se observaron diferencias entre católicos y protestantes en cuanto a la mortalidad y supervivencia, seguramente debido a diferencias a nivel socioeconómico entre los miembros de ambas congregaciones. Y, finalmente, en el tercer manuscrito, se destacó el papel fundamental de la supervivencia de la madre en la supervivencia del niño al año así como de otros factores relacionados con la historia de vida y factores ambientales. En conclusión, la baja heredabilidad de los LHT sugiere un papel relevante de los factores ambientales en los mismos, sin descartar su potencial evolutivo. La religión como indicador de estatus socioeconómico ha jugado un rol significativo en la supervivencia y el patrón reproductivo de los habitantes de Hallstatt durante los tres siglos estudiados.

In our species, men and women present a differentiated reproductive pattern: men retain reproductive potential until advanced ages, a fact that enable them to increase fitness in old ages, while women have their reproductive life restricted by menarche and menopause. Life history traits (LHT) are related to survival and reproduction, such as longevity, reproductive period, the number of offspring and their survival. These traits are determined by sexual selection and are related to different environmental factors. The main objective of this thesis is to address the evolutionary patterns of LHT and the influence of social and cultural factors on the human reproductive pattern. Familiar history of Hallstatt (Austria) reconstructed thanks to the parish records of births, marriages and deaths from 1602 to 1900 for Catholics and from 1783 to 1906 for Protestants has enabled this purpose to be achieved. The results obtained are detailed in three manuscripts. The first manuscript evaluated and compared the heritability of LHT and morphological traits (MT); the second compared the survival and reproduction of Catholics and Protestants in order to determine the influence of religion on LHT; while the third analyzed the influence of environmental and life history factors on infant survival. In the first manuscript, LHT showed low heritability (h2) compared to MT due to a high influence of environmental factors. Regarding the second manuscript, differences between Catholics and Protestants in terms of mortality and survival, were probably due to differences at the socioeconomic level between the members of both congregations. And, finally, in the third manuscript, the critical role of the mother's survival in infant’s survival at one year was highlighted, as well as the influence of other factors related to life history and environmental factors. In conclusion, the low heritability of LHT suggests a relevant role of environmental factors on them, without ruling out their evolutionary potential. Religion as an indicator of socioeconomic status has played a significant role in the survival and reproductive pattern of Hallstatt inhabitants during the three centuries studied.

Programa de Doctorat en Biodiversitat

Country
Spain
Related Organizations
Keywords

Biometria, Herència (Biologia), Heredity, Biometry, 572, Biometría, Antropologia física, Històries de vida, Narrative inquiry (Research method), Herencia (Biología), Human reproduction, Ciències Experimentals i Matemàtiques, Physical anthropology, Antropología física, Métodos biográficos en ciencias sociales, Reproducció humana, Reproducción humana

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selected citations
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This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
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