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Emisiones territoriales y fuga de emisiones : análisis del caso español

Authors: Arto, Iñaki; Roca Jusmet, Jordi; Serrano, Mònica (Serrano Gutiérrez);

Emisiones territoriales y fuga de emisiones : análisis del caso español

Abstract

Habitualmente las estadísticas oficiales consideran exclusivamente las emisiones que un país produce en el interior de su territorio. Este enfoque, conocido como "responsabilidad del productor", no tiene en cuenta el papel del comercio internacional. Esta limitación ha dado lugar a una perspectiva diferente para asignar las emisiones por países. Según el enfoque de la "responsabilidad del consumidor" un país es responsable de todas las emisiones asociadas a su demanda interior, independientemente de dónde se hayan producido. Este artículo estima, mediante la metodología input-output, las emisiones de gases de efecto invernadero asociadas al comercio exterior de España y analiza las emisiones desde el enfoque del consumidor para el periodo 1995-2007. Metodológicamente se presenta una novedad importante: la aplicación del supuesto de la tecnología doméstica a nivel físico. La conclusión, con importantes implicaciones políticas, es que la demanda interna de España genera mayores emisiones de lo que reflejan los inventarios oficiales. Además, el desequilibrio entre las emisiones "contenidas" en las importaciones y las asociadas a las exportaciones fue creciente durante el período considerado, especialmente debido al comercio con los países no incluidos en el Anexo B del Protocolo de Kioto.

Official statistics only consider the emissions generated within the borders of a country. This approach, called "producer responsibility", does not take into account the role of international trade. This limitation has given place to a different perspective on the attribution of emission responsibilities among countries. According to this new perspective of "consumer responsibility" a country would be responsible for all the emissions associated with the production of the goods and services for attending its domestic demand. This paper uses input-output techniques to account for the embodied emissions of greenhouse gases in Spanish international trade, and to analyse the emissions from the consumer perspective for the period 1995-2007. Methodologically this paper presents an important novelty: we apply the domestic technology assumption in physical terms. Our conclusion, with important political implications, is that the Spanish domestic demand generates higher emissions than those reported by the official inventories. Moreover, the imbalance between the "embodied" emissions in imports and exports has increased during the period of analysis, especially due to the trade with the non-Annex B countries of the Kyoto Protocol.

Country
Spain
Keywords

Emisiones gases efecto invernadero, Fabricació de gas, Responsabilidad del consumidor, Anàlisi d'entrada/sortida, Educació del consumidor, España, Gas manufacture and works, International trade, Input-output analysis, Comercio internacional, Greenhouse gas emissions, Consumer education, Espanya, Efecte hivernacle (Meteorologia), Responsabilitat del consumidor, Consumer responsibility, Input-output; Emisiones gases efecto invernadero; Comercio internacional; Responsabilidad del consumidor; España., Input-output, Spain, Comerç internacional, Atmospheric greenhouse effect, Emissions gasos efecte hivernacle, jel: jel:C67, jel: jel:F18, jel: jel:Q54, jel: jel:Q56

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popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
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This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
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