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TDX (Tesis Doctorals en Xarxa)
Doctoral thesis . 2019
License: CC BY
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Organocatálisis y transferencia de quiralidad mediante porfirinas autoensamblantes solubles en agua

Authors: Arlegui Chamizo, Aitor;

Organocatálisis y transferencia de quiralidad mediante porfirinas autoensamblantes solubles en agua

Abstract

La quiralidad es una propiedad fundamental de la naturaleza. La vida en la Tierra se basa en la quiralidad. Casi todos los compuestos quirales presentes en los organismos vivos se encuentran solo en una de sus formas enantioméricas; el origen de este fenómeno, conocido como Homoquiralidad Biológica, sigue siendo uno de los misterios aún no resueltos por la Ciencia. La emergencia directa de la quiralidad de las biomoléculas esenciales mediante Síntesis Asimétrica Absoluta en el curso de la evolución química prebiótica parece improbable, debido a las importantes restricciones de autocatálisis enantioselectiva e inhibición mutua que presentan los sistemas involucrados (F.C. Frank, 1953). La reacción de Soai es hasta el momento el único ejemplo de reacción conocida que conduce a productos enantioenriquecidos a partir de reactivos aquirales en ausencia de ningún tipo de inducción quiral externa. Por el contrario, la emergencia de quiralidad neta mediante Ruptura Espontánea de Simetría Especular es mucho más común a una escala jerárquica superior, por ejemplo, en procesos de autoensamblaje a partir de unidades aquirales, como sucede en el caso de ciertas porfirinas capaces de formar agregados supramoleculares quirales. En la presente Tesis Doctoral se ha estudiado la posibilidad de transferir la quiralidad que presentan los J-agregados de las porfirinas tetraarilsulfonadas TPPS4 y TPPS3, generada mediante Ruptura Espontánea de Simetría Especular, a reacciones organocatalizadas por aminas secundarias cíclicas vía ion iminio en agua o en medio acuoso, mediante un proceso que hemos denominado Catálisis Asimétrica Absoluta (Absolute Asymmetric Catalysis). Se ha comprobado la posibilidad de transferencia de quiralidad en la reacción de Diels-Alder. Además, se han sintetizado una serie de porfirinas arilsulfonadas meso-sustituidas con una amina secundaria cíclica en su estructura, con el fin de ser utilizadas como organocatalizadores en reacciones aldólicas y de Michael en agua o medio acuoso.

Chirality is a fundamental property of nature. Life on Earth is based on chirality. Almost all chiral compounds present in living organisms are found only in one of their enantiomeric forms; the origin of this phenomenon, known as Biological Homoquirality, remains one of the mysteries not yet solved by Science. The direct emergence of chirality of essential biomolecules by Absolute Asymmetric Synthesis in the course of prebiotic chemical evolution seems unlikely, due to the important restrictions of enantioselective autocatalysis and mutual inhibition presented by the systems involved (F.C. Frank, 1953). Soai's reaction is so far the only known reaction example that leads to enantioenriched products from achiral reagents in the absence of any type of external chiral induction. On the contrary, the emergence of net chirality by Spontaneous Mirror Symmetry Breaking is much more common at a higher hierarchical scale, for example, in self-assembly processes from aquiral units, as in the case of certain porphyrins capable of forming supramolecular chiral aggregates. In the present PhD thesis the possibility of transferring the macromolecular chirality of the J-aggregates of the tetraphenylsuphonated porphyrins TPPS4 and TPPS3, generated by Spontaneous Mirror Symmetry Breaking, to organocatalyzed reactions by cyclic secondary amines via iminium ion in water or aqueous medium has been studied, through a process that we have called Absolute Asymmetric Catalysis. It is proved de possibility of transferring the chirality in the Diels-Alder reaction. In addition, a series of meso-substituted arylsulphonated porphyrins have been synthesized with a cyclic secondary amine in their structure, in order to be used as organocatalysts in aldolic and Michael's reactions in water or aqueous medium.

Programa de Doctorat en Química Orgànica

Country
Spain
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Keywords

Porphyrins, Water, Agua, 547, Ciències Experimentals i Matemàtiques, Catalysis, Aigua, Catàlisi, Quiralidad, Quiralitat, Porfirines, Catálisis, Chirality, Porfirinas

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selected citations
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This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
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popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
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impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
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