The paper gives the results of international trials of and guidelines for the use of maraviroc, the first CCR5 receptor antagonist, in treatment regimens for HIV-infected patients. The trials have convincingly shown that the maraviroc-containing antiretroviral therapy (ART) regimens are highly effective and safe for R5-tropic HIV-infected patients regardless of previous ART, baseline HIV RNA levels, and CD4+ lymphocyte count. Maraviroc can be recommended for HIV-infected patients who have previously received ART and who have been found to have a R5-tropic virus. The changes in the ART regimen and inclusion of maraviroc may be associated with both an ineffective previous treatment regimen and therapy-induced adverse events. In 2012, Russia's first reagent kit for the determination of HIV tropism was put to tests and registered at the Russian Inspectorate for the Protection of Consumer Rights and Human Welfare.