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La sequenza archeologica di Barbiano – Caserma dei vigili del fuoco (Bolzano) : evidenze di sistemazioni dei versanti durante il neolitico

Authors: COLTORTI, MAURO; Porcarelli E.; RAVANI, SILVIA; Tecchiati U.; PIERUCCINI, PIERLUIGI;

La sequenza archeologica di Barbiano – Caserma dei vigili del fuoco (Bolzano) : evidenze di sistemazioni dei versanti durante il neolitico

Abstract

Il sito di Barbiano è stato occupato in varie fasi dalla Preistoria all’Età Romana Le prime evidenze insediative risalgono all’inizio del Neolitico medio, circa 7000 anni BP. L’occupazione venne preceduta dalla creazione di una ampia piattaforma, un terrazzo, realizzato asportando i depositi fluvioglaciali e la sovrastante copertura pedologica. La piattaforma venne completata con il riporto su tutta la superficie di alcuni decimetri di sabbia. Si tratta di una delle più antiche evidenze di significative modificazioni antropiche del paesaggio in area alpina. Questi importanti lavori suggeriscono inoltre che l’ampia area insediativa fosse abitata per la maggior parte dell’anno. L’insediamento marca dunque la transizione dalle più antiche attività agricole basate sulla pratica dello "slash and burn" a quelle stanziali. I livelli neolitici vennero coperti da sedimenti alluvionali e colluviali deposti come conseguenza dell’attivazione di processi di degradazione dei versanti innescati dalla deforestazione. Durante l’Età Romana il torrente locale era delimitato da argini artificiali ed una serie di strutture murarie vennero edificate per delimitare e proteggere aree insediative che però si sviluppano al di fuori dell’area scavata. I sedimenti grossolani all’interno del canale suggeriscono che limitati processi erosivi ancora interessavano il versante. I livelli romani sono stati successivamente sepolti da una sottile coltre colluviale che suggeriscono come i versanti sovrastanti, oggigiorno largamente terrazzati, non sono più stati interessati da processi erosivi che sono invece noti in altre aree della regione.

The archaeological succession of Barbiano-Firehouse (Bozen): evidence of slope terracing during the Neolithic Barbiano archaeological site was occupied at various stages from the Prehistory to the Roman era. The earliest occupation of the area, seems to have occurred at the beginning of the Middle Neolithic, around 7 ka bP. It was preceded by the excavation of a large almost flat platform, a terrace, realised with the stripping of fluvioglacial deposits and the overlying soil cover. The platform was later covered with a few decimetre-thick layer of sand. This is one of the earliest evidence of important anthropogenic topographic and landscape modification in the Alps. These important works suggest that the large occupation surface was probably settled for most of the year following the transition from the nomadic agriculture and the "slash and burn" practices usually associated with the Neolithic . The Neolithic settlement was lately buried under colluvial and alluvial sediments that indicate slope degradation processes most probably triggered by deforestation. In Roman Times the local stream was delimited by artificial levee and a series of walls were built to delimitate and protect larger structures that extended beyond the excavated area. The coarse sediments that fill the channel bear witness that limited erosional processes still affected on the slope. The Roman structures were buried under shallow colluvial deposits suggesting that the overlying slope, nowadays largely terraced, did not experienced anymore erosive processes that are known to have occurred in nearby areas.

Country
Italy
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Keywords

stratigrafia; geoarcheologia; human impact; Preistoria; Neolitico; Età Romana; stratigraphy; geoarchaeology; prehistory; human impact; Neolithic; Roman age

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
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