Interdental papilla tissue is a relatively frail structure and it is often involved in oral surgery. Many techniques have been proposed in periodontal surgery, not only for papilla regeneration but also for its protection and preservation during interventions. A flap named "Papilla Base Incision" having the same aim was proposed also in endodontic surgery and reported optimal results even in the long term. Only the knowledge of the anatomical structure of papilla allows to perform surgery in the safest way, avoiding remarkable aesthetic and functional sequelae and leading to a complete success.