Sometimes the evolution of labor law and social security share some features that are common in several countries. Especially in regard of occupational health and safety as well as of pensions. In this perspective, a comparison between Italy and Brazil appears of particular interest. As to the health and safety conditions at work, thanks to the evolution of the European and Italian law, the number of injuries and deaths at the workplace has been decreasing significantly through the implementation of measures that have rendered more convenient the investments on safety. Those results reveal that the safety at the workplace can become a key factor for the development of the country. Similarly, taking into account the Brazilian legal system, look at the evolution of the Italian social security system could be interesting especially for the unsatisfactory effects produced by the numerous but short-term reforms.