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The Intima Media Thickness

Authors: D. Baldassarre; M. Amato; E. Tremoli; CR. Sirtori;

The Intima Media Thickness

Abstract

La compromissione delle pareti vascolari in termini di arteriosclerosi può essere misurata in fase preclinica (asintomatica) con metodi diagnostici non-invasivi. L’ultrasonografia B-Mode delle arterie superficiali (carotidi e femorali), una delle tecniche d’elezione per affrontare questo tipo di problematica, fornisce informazioni eccellenti sulla fase pre-clinica della malattia arteriosclerotica. Completamente non invasiva, questa tecnica può essere utilizzata, con scansioni ripetute nel tempo, per valutare l’effetto di trattamenti dietetici/farmacologici anche in soggetti asintomatici. Studi ultrasonografici, focalizzati sull’ispessimento intima-media (IMT) delle carotidi extracraniche, hanno contribuito a stabilire una chiara correlazione tra i fattori di rischio di arteriosclerosi (dislipidemia, ipertensione, diabete, fumo, ecc.) e l’insorgenza della patologia arteriosclerotica pre-clinica ed hanno anche permesso di evidenziare la potenzialità dell’IMT carotideo quale predittore della fase clinica acuta della patologia coronarica e cerebrale. In un recente studio effettuato in una casistica di 963 pazienti con patologie del metabolismo lipidico è stato possibile dimostrare come anche l’IMT misurato nella normale pratica clinica, senza l’ausilio di sofisticate tecniche di misurazione, sia perfettamente in grado di discriminare fra soggetti asintomatici o sintomatici per coronaropatia e arteriopatia periferica ma non per malattia cerebrovascolare. L’IMT ottenuto nella normale pratica clinica è associato ai diversi fattori di rischio di arteriosclerosi quali età, sesso, pressione arteriosa, TC, LDL-C, TG, glicemia ed HDL-C (inversamente) ed è linearmente associato al numero dei fattori di rischio presenti nel singolo paziente. Questi risultati stabiliscono l’elevata predittività dell’IMT misurato nella normale pratica clinica nello screening di individui ad alto rischio di patologie vascolari.

The progression from arterial wall injury to the clinical phase of cardiovascular disease, crosses one or more pre-clinical steps (not symptomatic), detectable by non-invasive diagnostic techniques. B-Mode ultrasound (US) of superficial arteries (carotid and femoral), is one of the most reliable techniques to approach this problem, providing excellent information on the pre-clinical phase of the disease. B-Mode US is totally non-invasive, and can be used, with multiple scans, to evaluate the effectiveness of treatments also in asymptomatic subjects. US studies, focused on the intima media thickness (IMT) of extracranial carotid arteries, have contributed to the establishment of a clear correlation among atherosclerosis risk factors (hypercholesterolemia, hypertension, diabetes, smoking, etc.) and pre-clinical disease. Carotid IMT has been also proposed as a significant predictor of the clinical acute phase of the coronary and cerebral pathology. An observational study, carried out in 963 patients affected by lipid disorder, demonstrated that also the IMT obtained in the normal clinical practice, without the aid of sophisticated measurement techniques, can discriminate patients with and without coronary heart disease and with peripheral artery disease, but not cerebrovascular disease. The carotid IMT, obtained in the normal clinical practice, was associated with age, gender, blood pressure, TC, LDL-C, TG, blood glucose and, inversely, with HDL-C and also linearly related with the number of vascular risk factors. These findings establish the highly predictive value of IMT in the screening of individuals at high risk of vascular disease.

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
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