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Nutrición Hospitalaria
Article . 2013
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Chronobiology and obesity.

Authors: Garaulet, Marta; Gómez-Abellán, Purificación;

Chronobiology and obesity.

Abstract

Cronobiología es una palabra de origen griego: kronos significa tiempo, bios, vida y logos, estudio. A partir de los estudios de microarrays, se acepta en la actualidad que del 10 al 30% del genoma humano queda bajo el control de relojes moleculares circadianos. Este implica que la expresión de la mayor parte de las variables de la conducta, psicológicas y bioquímicas muestran ritmos circadianos. En su forma más sencilla, los relojes circadianos están compuestos por un conjunto de proteínas que generan oscilaciones circadianas automantenidas. El reloj molecular comprende dos factores de trascripción, CLOCK y BMAL1, mientras que los PERs y los CRYs son responsables de la fracción negativa. Una de las preguntas más importantes relacionadas con el sistema circadiano y la obesidad fue dilucidar si el tejido adiposo mostraba un ritmo circadiano o si poseía un reloj periférico interno. Nuestro grupo de investigación proporcionó una visión de conjunto del orden temporal interno de los ritmos circadianos del tejido adiposo humano. Un nuevo concepto relacionado con la enfermedad es el de cronodisrupción (CD). Se define como una alteración relevante del orden temporal interno de los ritmos circadianos fisiológicos y conductuales. En nuestra sociedad moderna, la CD podría ser frecuente en diversos trastornos como el jet lag, el trabajo a turnos, la luz nocturna o el jet lag social. Además, los polimorfismos de los genes horarios y el envejecimiento también podrían tener efectos de cronodisrupción. Nuestro grupo también ha demostrado que la obesidad y la CD están muy interconectadas. Con la ayuda de la cronobiología podemos llegar a un nuevo enfoque de la obesidad, considerando no solamente "cuáles" son los factores implicados en la obesidad, sino también "cuándo" se producen estos factores.

Chronobiology is a word derived from three Greek stems: kronos for time, bios for life and logos for study. From microarrays studies, now it is accepted that 10-30% of the human genome is under the control of circadian molecular clocks. This implies that most behavioral, physiological and biochemical variables display circadian rhythms in their expression. In its simplest form, circadian clocks are composed of a set of proteins that generate self-sustained circadian oscillations. The molecular clock comprises two transcription factors, CLOCK and BMAL1, whereas PERs and CRYs are responsible for the negative limb. One of the most important questions related to the circadian system and obesity, was to elucidate if adipose tissue displayed circadian rhythmicity or whether it had an internal peripheral clock. Our group of research has provided an overall view of the internal temporal order of circadian rhythms in human adipose tissue. A new concept related to illness is Chronodisruption (CD). It is defined as a relevant disturbance of the internal temporal order of physiological and behavioral circadian rhythms. In our modern society, CD may be common in several conditions such as jet lag, shift work, light at night, or social jet lag. In addition clock gene polymorphisms and aging may have also chronodisruptive effects. Our group has also demonstrated that Obesity and CD are also highly interconnected. With the help of chronobiology we can reach a new view of obesity considering not only "what" are the factors involved in obesity, but also "when" these factors are produced.

Related Organizations
Keywords

RC620-627, Cronodisrupción, Obesidad, Tejido adiposo humano, Epigenesis, Genetic, Chronodisruption, Human adipose tissue, Cronobiología, Metabolism, Adipose Tissue, Biological Clocks, Humans, Epigenetics, Obesity, Epigenética, Nutritional diseases. Deficiency diseases, Chronobiology

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    impulse
    This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
23
Top 10%
Top 10%
Top 10%
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