This article deals with the incidence, diagnosis and treatment of pedophilia as a conceptualized mental disorder. Pedophilia is a category of sexual deviation characterized by a sexual interest toward children under 13 years according to DSM-IV-TR or children under 14 years as determined by the law. Pedophilia is a distinguished form of child sexual abuse as a legal category. Today pedophilia patients are stigmatized and excluded from society not only in general, but also in prisons and forensic units. However, the phenomenon of pedophilia originates from the disorder of emotional, cognitive, sexual development as well as some social factors have also a significant role in this area, especially virtual social networks and the media. The combination of miscellaneous factors makes the social reintegration of patients in treatment very difficult and results in a high risk for relapse. The complexity of this topic can also be demonstrated by the high frequency of mental disorders among the victims.