Sarcopenia, the decrease in muscle mass and function, may lead to various negative health outcomes, including loss of physical performance and loss of the ability to perform the activities of daily living. The exact mechanisms of sarcopenia are not yet fully understood, but it is obvious that besides ageing, metabolic alterations, diseases, nutrition, and physical exercise play a major role. In the Netherlands, screening ofsarcopenia is not yet performed in daily practice. Evidence exists that training of muscle strength, whether or not combined with a dietary intervention, has a positive effect on the loss of muscle mass and function.