To observe the effects and mechanisms of Xuebijing Injection (XI) on multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS) patients.Recruited were 76 MODS patients at ICU, Zhejiang Provincial Quhua Hospital from February 2009 to September 2011. They were randomly assigned to the control group (36 cases) and the treatment group (40 cases). All patients received conventional treatment. Those in the treatment group were intravenously injected with XI (prepared by adding 100 mL QI in 100 mL normal saline), twice daily for seven successive days. The APACHE II score, SOFA score, serum procalcitonin (PCT), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), interleukin 6 (IL-6) and 10 (IL-10) of the two groups were observed in the two groups before treatment, at 3 days and 7days after treatment. The ICU stay time and the 28-day mortality were compared between the two groups.After seven days of treatment, the APACHE II score, SOFA score, TNF-alpha, IL-6, IL-10, and PCT significantly decreased in the treatment group, showing statistical difference when compared with the control group at the same time point (P < 0.05). The 28-day mortality, the ICU stay time, APACHE II score, and SOFA score decreased more significantly in the treatment group than in the control group, showing statistical difference (P < 0.05).XI could significantly reduce the ICU stay time of MODS patients, and its mechanisms might be correlated to regulating inflammatory reactions.