Post-stroke neglect is common and an independent predictor of functional outcome. Assessment of neglect is very demanding, the treatment extremely difficult and the literature vast; we performed a literature search for all aspects of this difficult subject.We searched the PubMed, EMBASE databases and historical manuals for authoritative studies on post stroke neglect between 1951 and 2011.There is a great dearth of randomised controlled data on neglect because standardised assessment does not occur frequently. Eighty-eight manuscripts were identified in the literature, which were quite heterogeneous in their content and addressing diverse aspects of this clinical entity.The most important historical papers were selected along with the most widely accepted and proven strategies for assessment and treatment. Standardised assessment of neglect does not always occur, but several useful strategies are available and are described in the following sections.