In the large Second Department of Neurology and Psychiatry of County Hospital, Gyula, the author treated several thousand children, adolescents and young adults with the diagnosis of first psychotic episode between 1970-2003. Beside his experience with thousands of patients he reviews the data of literature published in the last years. Beside the survey of symptomatology he deals with the causes of psychoses existing in childhood and displayed by imaging techniques (MRI, PET, CT), especially the loss of grey matter, the cortical abnormalities of frontal, frontotemporal lobes as well as the functional disturbances of the continuous reverberations with subcortical regions. He also surveys the causative developmental disorders of the brain in the background as well as the genetic and environmental risk factors. Along with first generation antipsychotic medication he reviews second generation antipsychotics.