Nowadays about 28 million different simple or complex chemical entities are known. Today we cannot imagine the life without different kinds of drugs, cosmetics, pesticides, food additives or stimulants. In the recent period in the field of analytical chemistry or pharmacy more modern techniques or methodologies are required which will allow selective determination of different kinds of analytes, especially in complex biological matrices. The imprinted polymers are very often used for the preparation of samples before analysis and this procedure can reduce the possibilities of interferences. This paper deals with the characterization, preparation, properties and application of imprinted polymers in the field of drugs, cosmetics, food and biological materials.