In Gabon, the African plum (Dacryodes edulis [G.Don] H.J.Lam) is an important fruit tree because of its nutritional value and its place within both the economy and the socio-cultural context. The fruits of this tree are widely appreciated and are sold regularly in all major urban markets. Local production is limited but is offset by significant imports from border countries. Culture of the African plum is widespread in anthropized areas, mainly in domestic gardens. The market and agronomic potential of this species has not yet been sufficiently studied in Gabon. There is no detailed study of the pests affecting D. edulis, or of their control. Numerous scientific studies carried out in neighboring countries have revealed excellent nutritional qualities of the safou pulp and interesting food properties of the oil extracted from both the safou pulp and the seed kernel. Within the context of sustainable development, the modernization of the culture of the African plum in Gabon, in particular by reducing pest-related losses and through the prudent use of all the products of the tree, may lead to important economic and industrial incomes.