Mycoplasmas frequently infect cattle. Amongst them, M. Bovis is the most pathogenic species in countries free from contagious bovine pleuropneumonia because it is responsible for bronchopneumonia, arthritis and mastitis, and is thus associated with strong economic losses. Several studies have shown the frequency of M. bovis in Europe and the spread of antibiotic-resistant strains. Considering the absence of vaccine in Europe, it is essential to understand this bacteria in order to control the infection in cattle. In this context, this paper aims at summarizing the current knowledge about M. bovis.