Trypanosoma evansi is an extracellular parasite found in the blood and tissues of mammals, mainly causing anaemia, immune depression and central nervous system disorders. Contrary to other African trypanosomes, T. evansi is mechanically transmitted and thus presents a worldwide distribution. This review aims at summarizing clinical and pathological data about T. evansi infections in its various hosts. It presents the actual knowledge on pathogenesis and the recent development of which open new ways for infection control.