To study the microscopic and UV-Vis spectrum characteristic of Sapium sebiferum.The microscopic identification and UV-Vis spectrum identification were adopted.There were cluster crystals in cortical cells of roots and stems and parenchyma cells of the leaves. A few stone cells were found in cortex of the stem. The vascular bundles arranged in the form of a circle in the main vein of the leaves. It could be observed that many crystals and crystal fibers in the powder. Six kinds of solvent of crude drug had absorption peaks between 200 - 800 nm.These results can provide the scientific evidence for the establishment of standard for quality control and further study.