The most important age-related changes in the vitreous are progressive liquefaction and posterior vitreous detachment (PVD). Optical coherence tomography enables better in vivo visualization of the vitreoretinal interface and has improved our understanding of the process of PVD, but knowledge of the biomicroscopic aspects of these vitreous anatomical modifications is required. The most common complications include retinal hemorrhage or vitreous hemorrhage, retinal breaks, and rhegmatogenous retinal detachment. Patients with symptomatic PVD require careful examination.