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Mechanisms of muscle wasting in sarcopenia.

Authors: Teixeira, Vivian de Oliveira Nunes; Filippin, Lidiane Isabel; Xavier, Ricardo Machado;

Mechanisms of muscle wasting in sarcopenia.

Abstract

Cerca de 66% dos pacientes com artrite reumatoide (AR) apresentam signifi cativa perda de massa celular, denominada caquexia reumatoide, predominantemente de músculo esquelético (sarcopenia reumatoide). A sarcopenia é caracterizada por perda de massa muscular associada a prejuízos de função. Pacientes com AR apresentam uma redução signifi cativa na força muscular, causada pela perda de proteínas musculares, alterando sua funcionalidade. As diversas condições que levam à perda de massa muscular envolvem distintas cascatas de sinalização intracelular, que podem levar: (i) à morte celular programada (apoptose); (ii) ao aumento da degradação proteica, por meio de autofagia, de proteases dependentes de cálcio (calpaínas e caspases) e do sistema proteossomo; e (iii) à diminuição da ativação das células-satélite responsáveis pela regeneração muscular. Este artigo tem como objetivo revisar esses mecanismos gerais de sarcopenia e seu envolvimento na AR. O melhor conhecimento desses mecanismos pode levar ao desenvolvimento de terapias inovadoras para essa debilitante complicação.

Approximately 66% of the patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) have signifi cant loss of cell mass (rheumatoid cachexia), mainly of skeletal muscle (rheumatoid sarcopenia). Sarcopenia is defi ned as muscle wasting associated with functional impairment. Patients with RA possess signifi cant reduction in muscle strength, caused by muscle protein wasting, and loss of functionality. Various conditions leading to muscle wasting involve different pathways of intracellular signaling that trigger: (i) programmed cell death (apoptosis); (ii) increased protein degradation through autophagy, calcium-dependent proteases (calpains and caspases), and proteasome system; (iii) decreased satellite cell activation, responsible for muscle regeneration. This article aimed at reviewing these general mechanisms of sarcopenia and their involvement in RA. Greater knowledge of these mechanisms may lead to the development of innovative therapies to this important comorbidity.

Keywords

Inflammation, Proteasome Endopeptidase Complex, Sarcopenia, Wasting Syndrome, Muscular atrophy, Artrite reumatóide, Atrofia muscular, Arthritis, Rheumatoid, Inflamação, Muscular Diseases, Autophagy, Regeneration, Humans, Rheumatoid arthritis, Regeneração

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
32
Top 10%
Top 10%
Top 10%
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