Enterococci have a variety of intrinsic antibiotic resistances, and also they can acquire new antibiotic resistance determinants including mutated ligase genes such as VanA or VanB. The increased prevalence and dissemination of multidrug-resistant Enterococci (i.e., Vancomycin resistant Enterococci: VRE) worldwide have resulted in a major decrease in therapeutic options and poor prognosis of infections by these organisms. Newer antibiotics, linezolid, Q/D, daptomycin and tigecycline have good in vitro activity against, however their clinical use are limited in certain infectious diseases. Although the prevalence of VRE in Japan is still quite low, strict infection control measures including active surveillance and regional information sharing is necessary to prevent dissemination in hospitals and regions.