This chapter outlines the clinician' s guide for prescription of benzodiazepine anxiolytics and 5-HT1A receptor agonists. 5-HT1A receptor agonists have entirely different pharmacological mechanism of action from benzodiazepines, and the pattern of their use is quite different from benzodiazepines. In the global trend, there are strict regulations for the prescription of benzodiazepines, because of the risk of low-dose dependence. Benzodiazepines are recommended for the use only when necessary in the short term. In contrast, benzodiazepines have many clinical indications, compared with 5-HT1A receptor agonists. In Japan, there is no strict regulation to prescription of benzodiazepines. However, we now tend to follow international trends in general.