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image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
Hal
Article . 2012
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[Hepatitis E: an emerging disease].

An emerging disease
Authors: Bonnet, D.; Kamar, N.; Izopet, J.; Alric, L.;

[Hepatitis E: an emerging disease].

Abstract

L’hépatite virale E a été décrite depuis les années 1970 dans des pays en voie de développement (Chine, Inde, Mexique) où elle sévit de façon endémoépidémique. Dans ces pays, elle présente de nombreuses similitudes avec l’hépatite A : réservoir humain, transmission féco-orale, présentation clinique (infection asymptomatique ou hépatite aiguë ictérique), évolution toujours aiguë et spontanément favorable en dehors des formes fulminantes, plus fréquentes chez la femme enceinte et les sujets cirrhotiques. Plus récemment, des cas autochtones de plus en plus fréquents ont été identifiés en Europe. Une transmission zoonotique a été identifiée, provenant du porc ou de la faune sauvage. Ces cas présentent certaines particularités : prédominance masculine, âge au diagnostic plus élevé, fréquence des formes sévères. Des manifestations extrahépatiques (neurologiques, hématologiques) sont rapportées. Un passage à la chronicité de l’hépatite E, avec évolution fibrosante hépatique jusqu’à la cirrhose, est décrit chez l’immunodéprimé (transplanté, porteur d’hémopathie chronique ou infection par le VIH). Le diagnostic positif de l’infection repose sur la sérologie (IgG et IgM) et la reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) virale, réalisée sur le sang et les selles. Aucun traitement n’a été testé dans le cadre d’un essai clinique. La prise en charge habituelle est symptomatique. Cependant, des patients avec hépatite E chronique ont été traités avec succès par interféron-α ou par ribavirine (600 à 800 mg par jour pendant trois mois), ce dernier traitement étant actuellement le mieux validé. Deux vaccins ont fait l’objet d’études cliniques de phase II et III et s’avèrent efficaces et bien tolérés, mais aucun n’est encore commercialisé.

The hepatitis E virus is endemic in countries with poor sanitation, where it has many similarities with the hepatitis A virus. It causes a strictly human, feco-oral transmitted, acute, self-limited hepatitis in young adults. The outcome is excellent, except in pregnant women and cirrhotic patients, who experience a high mortality rate. The first cases described in industrialized countries were travellers coming from endemic areas. However, there is now growing evidence that locally-acquired hepatitis E is common in these areas, where it is an emergent disease, despite it is still misdiagnosed. In industrialized countries, hepatitis E spreads sporadically and has a predilection for elderly men with comorbidity, particularly chronic liver diseases. The mortality seems to be higher in this population. In these areas, hepatitis E is due to the genotype 3 virus that is thought to be zoonotically transmitted by pigs and wild boar. Hepatitis E may evolve towards a chronic infection in immunocompromised subjects, particularly in solid organ-transplanted patients. In case of chronic infection, it may cause liver fibrosis and cirrhosis. The diagnosis of hepatitis E is based on serological tests (IgM and IgG) and detection of the viral genome by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) on blood and stools. Acute hepatitis E does not require any treatment but in chronically infected patients, a sustained viral response and finally a definitive viral clearance has been observed after a three-month course of low-dose ribavirin (600 to 800 mg/day). Two vaccines underwent successful human trials but are not yet commercially available.

Keywords

Adult, Male, Immunodéprimé, Communicable Diseases, Emerging, Hepatitis E, [SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio], Young Adult, Hépatite chronique, Cirrhosis, Cirrhose hépatique, Pregnancy, Hepatitis E virus, Prevalence, Humans, Virus de l’hépatite E, Female, Serologic Tests, Hépatite E, Immunocompromised, Chronic hepatitis, Aged

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
12
Average
Average
Top 10%
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