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Análisis de Riesgos Ocupacionales en Aserraderos.

Authors: Medina-Escobar, Lourdes; Hernández-Gómez, María Gabriela; Mata-Montero, Carlos; Rodríguez-Zamora, María Gabriela;

Análisis de Riesgos Ocupacionales en Aserraderos.

Abstract

Las enfermedades respiratorias y el cáncer nasal se encuentran entre las afecciones ocupacionales asociadas con la exposición a polvo de madera. El presente estudio permitió valorar, de forma exploratoria, algunos agentes químicos y biológicos, condiciones de seguridad y ergonomía que podrían estar afectando la salud de los trabajadores de los aserraderos. Se utilizaron listas de verificación y cuestionarios para las evaluaciones de seguridad; fotografías y videos para la evaluación ergonómica según las metodologías REBA y OWAS; equipo de medición para la recolección de muestras de exposición a polvo de madera según el método MDHS 14/3, analizadas posteriormente en el Laboratorio de Higiene Analítica y las muestras de agentes biológicos según Pouch (2003) en el Laboratorio de Alimentos de la Universidad de Costa Rica. Los resultados de porcentaje de conformidad ponderado por empresa para las condiciones de trabajo no superaron el 60% de conformidad. Según la evaluación ergonómica a partir del método REBA, se estimó que 95,8% de los trabajadores (n=92) se encontraron sobre la categoría de riesgo ergonómico bajo. Por el método OWAS se obtuvieron resultados similares. Las concentraciones de polvo de madera se encontraron en un rango de 0,09 – 28,9 mg/m3 , con un MLE estimado de 2,33mg/m3 , superando los límites de exposición establecidos, tanto a nivel nacional como internacional. Se encontraron especies de hongos y bacterias en las muestras de polvo de madera: Aspergillus, Penicilinum y Bacillum. Se recomienda establecer medidas de mejora en todas las áreas evaluadas, para prevenir lesiones por accidentes de trabajo y enfermedades entre los colaboradores del sector, como por ejemplo la implementación de prácticas seguras de trabajo y capacitación, entre otros.

Occupational respiratory diseases and nasal cancer are among the major work-related illnesses associated to wood dust exposure. This study will allow a systematic assessment of working conditions in the areas of safety, ergonomics and occupational exposure to chemical and biological agents in sawmills located throughout the country, in order to characterize the main risks and generate information leading to decrease the hazards in favor of the health and safety of workers. For safety assessments checklists and questionnaires were used, photographs and videos for the ergonomic assessment using REBA and OWAS methodologies, measuring equipment for collecting samples of wood dust exposure according to the method MDHS 14/3 subsequently analyzed in the Laboratory of Analytical Hygiene and samples of biological agents according to Pouch (2003) in the Food Laboratory of the University of Costa Rica. The results of compliance for working conditions did not exceed 60 %. For the ergonomic evaluation by REBA method, it was estimated that 95.8 % of workers (n = 92) were found above the ergonomic low risk category. By the OWAS method similar results were obtained. The wood dust concentrations were found in a range of 0.09 to 28.9 mg/m3, with an MLE estimate of 2.33 mg/m3 exceeding national and international regulations. Species of fungi and bacteria were found in samples of wood dust: Aspergillus, Bacillum, and Penicilinum. Is recommended to develop and implement improvement measures in all areas evaluated to prevent injuries and illnesses among sector workers, such as the implementation of safe work practices and training, among others.

Proyecto de Investigación. Instituto Tecnológico de Costa Rica. Escuela de Ingeniería en Seguridad Laboral e Higiene Ambiental, Laboratorio de Higiene Analítica; Instituto Nacional de Seguros. Departamento de Gestión Empresarial en Salud Ocupacional , 2013

Instituto Tecnológico de Costa Rica.

Country
Costa Rica
Related Organizations
Keywords

Aspergillus, Penicillium, Bacillus, Ergonomía, Madera, Factores de riesgo

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
Average
Average
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Cancer Research