Histiocytic necrotizing lymphadenitis (HNL) or Kikuchi's Disease is a peculiar condition most commonly affecting cervical lymph nodes in young women. Histology and immunohistochemistry demonstrate a florid T-cell and histiocytic reaction associated with necrotic areas which must be carefully distinguished from malignant lymphoma. Usually, the disease resolves spontaneously within a few weeks or months. The etiology is unknown and the physiopathology discussed.