The pathogenesis of PCOS has not been definitively determined and includes a number of genes linked with steroidogenesis, regulation of gonadotropin secretion, actions of insulin, obesity as well as chronic inflammatory processes. Some authors indicate that PPARgamma play a role in insulin sensitivity and are probably involved in hyperandrogenism in PCOS. The aim of the study was to assess the frequency of the Pro12Ala and Pro115Gln PPARgamma2 gene polymorphisms in women with PCOS.54 PCOS women and 51 healthy women were recruited. Genetic studies to detect Pro12Ala and Pro115Gln PPARgamma2 gene polymorphism were performed.In the whole studied group the Pro115Gln polymorphism of the PPARgamma2 gene was not found. The frequency of the Pro12Ala polymorphism was estimated at 26.47% in the controls and at 23.15% in the PCOS patients. Women from the control and PCOS groups with BMI > or = 30 had statistically higher occurrence of the Ala allele than women with BMI <30 (38.80% versus 12.50% and 38.23% versus 18.75%).The frequency of the Pro12Ala polymorphism observed in the sample of women from the Lower Silesian population was significantly higher than in the majority of European populations.