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Revisión bibliográfica sobre la efectividad de la corriente eléctrica de baja y media frecuencia combinada con ejercicio terapéutico en la osteoartritis de rodilla

Revisión bibliográfica sobre a efectividade da corrente eléctrica de baixa e media frecuencia combinada con exercicio terapéutico na artrose de xeonllo
Authors: Romar Gómez, Iago;

Revisión bibliográfica sobre la efectividad de la corriente eléctrica de baja y media frecuencia combinada con ejercicio terapéutico en la osteoartritis de rodilla

Abstract

[Resumen] Introducción La artrosis de rodilla (KOA) es una patología degenerativa que constituye una de las principales causas de dolor crónico y discapacidad en adultos. El ejercicio terapéutico (ET) se considera la intervención no farmacológica de primera línea; sin embargo, el dolor y la debilidad muscular dificultan el inicio y la adherencia a los programas de ET. En este contexto, la electroterapia de baja y media frecuencia se plantea como estrategia coadyuvante para potenciar los beneficios del ET. Objetivo Revisar y analizar la efectividad y seguridad de la corriente eléctrica de baja y media frecuencia combinada con ET frente a ET aislado o ET + placebo en la sintomatología y funcionalidad de los pacientes con KOA. Material y método Se realizó una revisión bibliográfica sistematizada a través de las búsquedas en las bases de datos PubMed, Cochrane, PEDro, SportDiscus y CINAHL. Se incluyeron ensayos clínicos aleatorizados (ECA), revisiones sistemáticas y metaanálisis publicados en los últimos 5 años en inglés, español o portugués. Resultados Se incluyeron 10 estudios (8 ECAs, 1 ECA piloto y 1 revisión sistemática con metaanálisis). La mayoría mostraron efectos beneficiosos de la intervención combinada sobre el dolor, la fuerza y la capacidad funcional, con resultados más variables en calidad de vida, rango de movimiento y síntomas asociados. Las corrientes de baja frecuencia, en especial la NMES, fueron las que obtuvieron mayor respaldo. La adherencia fue alta y los efectos adversos reportados fueron leves y transitorios. Conclusiones La combinación de corrientes eléctricas de baja o media frecuencia con ET puede representar una estrategia segura y eficaz en el manejo de la KOA, especialmente en pacientes con dolor persistente o debilidad muscular. No obstante, la heterogeneidad metodológica y la falta de estudios a largo plazo limitan la posibilidad de establecer protocolos clínicos estandarizados.

[Abstract] Background Knee osteoarthritis (KOA) is a degenerative condition and one of the leading causes of chronic pain and disability in adults. Therapeutic exercise is considered the first-line non-pharmacological intervention; however, pain and muscle weakness often hinder the initiation and adherence to exercise programs. In this context, low- and medium-frequency electrotherapy has been proposed as an adjunct strategy to enhance the benefits of TE. Objetive To review and analyze the effectiveness and safety of low- and medium-frequency electrical current combined with TE versus isolated TE or TE plus placebo in the symptomatology and functionality of patients with KOA. Methods A systematized bibliographic review was carried out through searches in the PubMed, Cochrane, PEDro, SportDiscus, and CINAHL databases. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs), systematic reviews (SRs), and meta-analyses published in the last 5 years in English, Spanish, or Portuguese were included. Outcomes A total of 10 studies were included (8 RCTs, 1 pilot RCT, and 1 systematic review with meta-analysis). Most reported beneficial effects of the combined intervention on pain, strength, and functional capacity, with more variable results regarding quality of life, range of motion, and associated symptoms. Low-frequency currents, particularly NMES, obtained the strongest support. Adherence was high, and reported adverse effects were mild and transient. Conclusions The combination of low- or medium-frequency electrical currents with TE may represent a safe and effective strategy in the management of KOA, especially in patients with persistent pain or muscle weakness. However, methodological heterogeneity and the lack of long-term studies limit the possibility of establishing standardized clinical protocols.

Traballo de fin de grao (UDC.FCS). Fisioterapia. Curso 2024/2025.

Country
Spain
Related Organizations
Keywords

NMES, Estimulación eléctrica, Osteoartrosis de rodilla (KOA), Therapeutic exercise (TE), Electrical stimulation, Ejercicio terapéutico (ET), TENS, Knee osteoarthritis (KOA)

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
Average
Average
Green