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España, país de emigrantes: un estudio comparativo entre el éxodo de los 60 y la fuga de cerebros

España, país de emigrantes: un estudo comparativo entre o éxodo dos 60 e a fuga de cerebros
Authors: Fernández Reimóndez, Uxía;

España, país de emigrantes: un estudio comparativo entre el éxodo de los 60 y la fuga de cerebros

Abstract

[Resumen] Este trabajo analiza y compara dos grandes oleadas migratorias en España: el éxodo migratorio de los años 60 y la actual fuga de cerebros. Mientras que en los años 60 la emigración respondía a una necesidad económica y se beneficiaba del envío de remesas, en la actualidad la pérdida de talento altamente cualificado supone un desafío para el desarrollo del país. La investigación, basada en un enfoque cualitativo con entrevistas en profundidad, identifica factores estructurales que perpetúan la emigración, como la precariedad laboral, la sobre cualificación y la falta de incentivos para el retorno. Además, se examina el impacto de la digitalización y las redes transnacionales en la movilidad actual. Se concluye que, sin políticas efectivas para mejorar las condiciones laborales y fomentar el regreso del talento, España comenzará a perder capital humano esencial para su crecimiento.

[Resumo] Este traballo analiza e compara dúas grandes ondas migratorias en España: o éxodo migratorio dos anos 60 e a actual fuga de cerebros. Mentres que nos anos 60 a emigración respondía a unha necesidade económica e beneficiábase do envío de remesas, na actualidade a perda de talento altamente cualificado supón un desafío para o desenvolvemento do país. A investigación, baseada nun enfoque cualitativo con entrevistas en profundidade, identifica factores estruturais que perpetúan a emigración, como a precariedade laboral, a sobre calificación e a falta de incentivos para o retorno. Ademais, examínase o impacto da dixitalización e as redes transnacionais na mobilidade actual. Conclúese que, sen políticas efectivas para mellorar as condicións laborais e fomentar o regreso do talento, España comezará a perder capital humano esencial para o seu crecemento.

[Abstract] This paper analyzes and compares two major waves of migration in Spain: the migratory exodus of the 1960s and the current brain drain. While in the 1960s emigration responded 2 to an economic need and benefited from remittances, today the loss of highly qualified talent is a challenge for the country's development. The research, based on a qualitative approach with in-depth interviews, identifies structural factors that perpetuate emigration, such as job insecurity, overqualification and lack of incentives to return. In addition, the impact of digitalization and transnational networks on current mobility is examined. It concludes that, without effective policies to improve working conditions and encourage the return of talent, Spain will begin to lose human capital essential for its growth.

Traballo fin de grao (UDC.SOC). Socioloxía. Curso 2024/2025

Country
Spain
Related Organizations
Keywords

Éxodo migratorio, Método comparativo, Metodoloxía cualitativa, Metodología cualitativa, Qualitative methodology, Fuga de cerebros, Emigración, Migratory exodus, Década 1960, Brain drain, Comparative method, Emigration

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
Average
Average
Green