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Robo advisors and modern portfolio theory

Authors: Losada Noya, Carlos;

Robo advisors and modern portfolio theory

Abstract

[Resumen] Durante los últimos años, la tecnología financiera o Fintech ha expandido notoriamente las posibilidades de inversión para los inversores particulares, al mismo tiempo que ha reducido los costes operativos y las comisiones subyacentes a estas, logrando que invertir esté al alcance de más personas. Además, las nuevas tecnologías han transformado de manera disruptiva la industria financiera, introduciendo la banca digital, los pagos móviles, formas alternativas de financiación, las criptomonedas, y mejoras en la seguridad y prevención de fraude. La aparición de los robo advisors ha sido un factor clave en la mencionada democratización de la inversión, ofreciendo carteras de inversión en función al nivel de riesgo que el inversor está dispuesto a asumir, requiriendo una cantidad de inversión mínima muy pequeña. Estos asesores digitales, además, se encargan del rebalanceo de la cartera cuando las fluctuaciones del mercado lo exijan, asegurando que la proporción destinada a cada activo se mantiene en su valor original. A su vez, su naturaleza totalmente digital les permite optimizar su estructura de costes, trasladándose esta rebaja al inversor, permitiendo unas comisiones más pequeñas. El objetivo de este trabajo es hacer una aproximación a los robo advisors, ofreciendo una breve descripción y explicación de su funcionamiento, así como de la metodología que emplean en el diseño de sus carteras; en especial, la teoría moderna de carteras, que constituye la base de las técnicas aplicadas por todos los gestores automatizados de carteras de inversión. Adicionalmente, se analizarán el futuro de los robo advisors y los potenciales desafíos a los que estos se podrían enfrentar, así como las soluciones que los expertos proponen para responder ante dichos desafíos, junto al rol de la inteligencia artificial generativa en ellas.

[Abstract] Over the past few years, Fintech has significantly expanded investment opportunities for retail, non-professional investors, while simultaneously reducing operational costs and fees, making investing more accessible. In addition, information technology has revolutionized the financial industry, introducing digital banking, mobile payments, alternative lending, cryptocurrency, and enhanced security and fraud prevention. A key factor in this democratization of investing has been the emergence of robo advisors, which offer tailored investment portfolios aligned with the investor’s risk aversion for a minimal initial investment. These digital advisors automatically rebalance assets in response to market fluctuations, so that the weights in the portfolio remain unchanged. At the same time, their fully digital approach enables them to optimize costs, ultimately leading to lower fees for investors, too. This bachelor’s thesis aims to provide a brief overview of robo advisors, alongside the methodology they use to design their portfolios; especially, modern portfolio theory, which sets the basis for the techniques applied by these automated financial advisors. Furthermore, the future of robo advisors will also be analyzed, exploring their potential drawbacks and challenges to adoption, along with the solutions proposed by experts to overcome these issues, and the role of generative artificial intelligence to address them.

Traballo fin de grao (UDC.ECO). ADE. Curso 2023/2024

Country
Spain
Related Organizations
Keywords

Robo advisor, Passive investing, Inversión automatizada, Digitalización financiera, Portfolio management, Automated investing, Gestión pasiva, Teoría moderna de carteras, Financial digitalization, Fintech, Modern portfolio theory, Gestión de carteras

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
Average
Average
Green