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Revisión bibliográfica: Microbioma y fertilidad

Revisión bibliográfica: Microbioma e fertilidade
Authors: Villar del Río, Inés;

Revisión bibliográfica: Microbioma y fertilidad

Abstract

[Resumen] El equilibrio del microbioma humano es muy relevante para nuestra salud. Así, la salud de la microbiota presente en el tracto reproductivo femenino va a ser un factor determinante para la fertilidad. Concretamente, el género Lactobacillus es el protagonista en la microbiota de la vagina y del endometrio. Esta bacteria desempeña una importante labor de protección frente a patógenos externos mediante la acidificación del medio y la secreción de sustancias antimicrobianas. Así, una abundancia óptima de Lactobacillus puede determinar una buena implantación embrionaria y un buen desarrollo del embarazo. El desequilibrio de la microbiota del tracto reproductor femenino también se ha relacionado con enfermedades que afectan directamente a la fertilidad, como el síndrome de ovario poliquístico o la endometriosis. En el caso del síndrome de ovario poliquístico, se ha visto que la microbiota del tracto reproductor puede estar involucrada en alteraciones hormonales y/o metabólicas características de esta patología. Una vez se haya producido el embarazo, es crucial presentar una microbiota estable y sana en el aparato reproductor para evitar cualquier infección que pueda traer complicaciones durante este período. Además, la microbiota materna es un factor determinante para el correcto desarrollo del bebé, de su sistema inmune y de su propia microbiota.

[Resumo] O equilibrio do microbioma humano é moi relevante para a nosa saúde. Así, a saúde da microbiota presente no tracto reprodutivo feminino vai ser un factor determinante para a fertilidade. Concretamente, o xénero Lactobacillus é o protagonista na microbiota da vaxina e do endometrio. Esta bacteria desempeña un importante labor de protección fronte a patóxenos externos mediante a acidificación do medio e a segregación de substancias antimicrobianas. Así, unha abundancia óptima de Lactobacillus pode determinar unha boa implantación embrionaria e un bo desenvolvemento do embarazo. O desequilibrio da microbiota do tracto reprodutor feminino relacionouse con enfermidades que afectan directamente a fertilidade, como a síndrome do ovario poliquístico ou a endometriose. No caso da síndrome do ovario poliquístico, viuse que a microbiota do tracto reprodutor feminino pode estar involucrada en alteracións hormonais e/ou metabólicas características desta patoloxía. Unha vez producido o embarazo, é crucial presentar unha microbiota estable e sa no aparato reprodutor para evitar calquera infección que poida traer complicacións durante este período. Ademais, a microbiota materna é un factor determinante para o correcto desenvolvemento do bebé, do seu sistema inmune e da súa propia microbiota.

[Abstract] Human’s microbiome balance is very relevant for our health. Accordingly, the good health of the microbiota in female reproductive tract is a relevant factor for fertility. In particular, Lactobacillus is the most abundant bacterial genus of the vaginal and endometrial microbiota. This bacterium plays an important protective role against external pathogens through the acidification of the environment and the secretion of antimicrobial substances. Consequently, an optimal abundance of Lactobacillus can determine the embryo implantation and a correct pregnancy development. The imbalance of the microbiota of the female reproductive tract has also been linked to diseases that directly affect the fertility, such as the polycystic ovary syndrome or the endometriosis. In the case of the polycystic ovary syndrome, it has been observed that the microbiota of the reproductive tract may be involved in hormonal and/or metabolic alterations that are related to this pathology. Once the pregnancy has occurred, a stable and healthy reproductive microbiota is crucial to prevent any infection that may bring complications during this period. Furthermore, maternal microbiota is a determining factor for the correct development of the baby, their immune system and their own microbiota.

Traballo fin de grao (UDC.CIE). Bioloxía. Curso 2023/2024

Country
Spain
Related Organizations
Keywords

Lactobacillu, Embarazo, Endometriosis, Fertilidade, Fertilidad, Fertility, Pregnancy, Síndrome de ovario poliquístico, Microbiota vaginal, Microbiome, Vaginal microbiota, Microbiota vaxinal, Microbioma, Polycystic ovary syndrome, Endometriose

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
Average
Average
Green