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Análisis de instrumentos de laboratorio lácteo y estudios de calidad de la leche

Authors: Pereira Orosa, Iván;

Análisis de instrumentos de laboratorio lácteo y estudios de calidad de la leche

Abstract

[Resumen]: En un laboratorio de una fábrica de envasado de productos lácteos existe una amplia variedad de análisis físico-químicos, los cuales se realizan en la materia prima láctea para obtener un producto final seguro y con la máxima calidad requerida. Estos análisis a cada muestra de leche cruda, llegada de las distintas granjas, y realizados en el laboratorio de Leche de Galicia S.L., son los siguientes: control de temperatura, detección de inhibidores, test de estabilidad en alcohol, valoración de acidez, detección de agua mediante crioscopía y determinación de la cantidad de materia grasa (MG), materia proteica (MP) y solidos no grasos (SNG). La leche cruda apta para su tratamiento y consumo tras llegar a la fábrica y pasar todos los análisis iniciales, se somete a un proceso de pasterización y, posteriormente, a un proceso de esterilización, también llamado ultrapasterización, para obtener un producto final conocido como leche UHT (Ultra High Temperature). En estos procesos se somete la leche a un calentamiento a distintas temperaturas durante un periodo muy corto de tiempo y a una homogeneización continua con la agitación de los tanques en los que se almacena. En estos procesos también se controla el pH del producto final. En vista de todos los análisis y procesos a los que se somete a la leche hasta la obtención del producto final, se realizan en este trabajo una serie de análisis de instrumentos y de estudios de calidad de la leche. Inicialmente, se analiza los valores obtenidos de materia grasa y materia proteica en leche cruda, leche pasterizada y leche UHT, mediante el equipo usado en el laboratorio para obtener estos datos, el equipo LactoScope FTIR (espectroscopía de infrarrojos por transformada de Fourier), denominado por su nombre comercial Delta. Simultáneamente, se realiza un estudio de estabilidad de leche pasterizada en alcohol con el uso de distinto material de laboratorio. Posteriormente, se realiza un estudio de la calidad de la leche llegada al laboratorio atendiendo a la cantidad de bacterias Pseudomonas presentes en las muestras. Finalmente, se realiza un estudio comparativo entre dos centrifugadoras usadas en el laboratorio en un procedimiento de un método de obtención de la cantidad de materia grasa en leche UHT mediante el equipo LactoScope FTIR y en otro método de obtención de materia grasa de leche cruda mediante butirómetros.

[Abstract]; In a laboratory of a dairy product packaging factory there is a wide variety of physical-chemical analysis, which are carried out on the dairy raw material to obtain a safe final product with the highest quality required. These analysis on each raw milk sample, arriving from the different farms, and carried out in the Leche de Galicia S.L. laboratory, are the following: temperature control, inhibitor detection, alcohol stability test, acidity assessment, detection of water by cryoscopy and determination of the amount of fat, protein and non-fatty solids. Raw milk suitable for treatment and consumption, after arriving at the factory and passing all the initial analysis, undergoes a pasteurization process and, later, a sterilization process, also called ultrapasterization, to obtain a final product known as UHT (Ultra High Temperature) milk. In these processes the milk is heated at different temperatures for a very short period and to continuous homogenization with the agitation of the tanks in which it is stored. In these processes the pH of the final product is also controlled. In view of all the analysis and processes that milk undergoes until the final product is obtained, a series of instrument analysis and milk quality studies are carried out in this work. Initially, the obtained values of fat and protein in raw milk, pasteurized milk and UHT milk are analysed, through the equipment used in the laboratory to obtain these data, the LactoScope FTIR (Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy) equipment, called by its trade name Delta. Simultaneously, a stability study of milk pasteurized in alcohol is carried out with the use of different laboratory equipment. Later, a study of the quality of the milk arriving at the laboratory is carried out, considering the amount of Pseudomonas bacteria presents in the samples. Finally, a comparative study is carried out between two centrifuges used in the laboratory in a procedure of a method for obtaining the amount of fat in UHT milk using the LactoScope FTIR equipment and in another method of obtaining fat from raw milk using butyrometers.

Traballo fin de mestrado (UDC.CIE). Investigación química y química industrial. Curso 2020/2021

Country
Spain
Related Organizations
Keywords

Estabilidad, Contenido en proteínas, Centrifugadoras, Leche U.H.T., Leche, Laboratorios de ensayos, Contenido en materia grasa, Alimentos, Análisis, Pseudomonas, Control, Tratamiento, Aparatos y material, Industria láctea, Leche cruda, Calidad

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
Average
Average