
handle: 2183/28573
[Resumo]: O aumento da esperanza de vida, a disminución da natalidade e os movementos migratorios durante o século XX orixinaron o proceso de avellentamento da poboación galega. Unha estrutura demográfica avellentada ocasiona efectos económicos que se manifestan principalmente no mercado de traballo e no gasto público. En relación ó mercado laboral, ten lugar unha redución da poboación activa que lastra o incremento da poboación ocupada, incluso disminuíndo a taxa de paro. Porén, tamén existen posíbeis efectos positivos relacionados coa maior facilidade para a introdución de persoas xóvenes no mercado laboral, e incrementos de produtividade derivados da maior idade media dos traballadores. No concernente ó gasto público, prodúcese un incremento dos custos do sistema público de pensións, da sanidade pública e dos servizos sociais de atención á dependencia, que non son compensados por unha posíbel redución do gasto educativo, debido á existencia de importantes custos fixos. Neste contexto, existen dificultades cada vez maiores para financiar de xeito suficiente os aumentos de gasto público necesario que require o mantemento do Estado do Benestar, de aí que sexan necesarias políticas públicas de promoción da natalidade, fomento da inmigración, así como a implementación dunha reforma do sistema público de pensións.
[Abstract]: The increase in life expectancy, the decrease in the birth rate and the migratory movements during the 20th century led to the ageing process of the Galician population. An ageing population structure has economic effects that are manifested mainly in the labour market and public expenditure. As regards the labour market, there is a reduction in the working population, which is holding back the increase in the employed population, even by reducing the unemployment rate. However, there are also potential positive effects related to the easier introduction of young people into the labour market, and productivity gains stemming from the older average age of workers. As far as public expenditure is concerned, there is an increase in the costs of the public pension system, public health and social care services for dependants, which are not compensated by a possible reduction in education expenditure due to the existence of significant fixed costs. In this context, it is becoming increasingly difficult to adequately finance the increases in public expenditure required to maintain the welfare state, hence the need for public policies to promote the birth rate, encourage immigration and implement a reform of the public pension system.
Traballo fin de grao (UDC.ECO). ADE. Curso 2020/2021
Population ageing, Public pension system, Life expectancy, Educación, Dependency, Sanidade, Labour market, Health services, Birth rate, Emigration, Education, Mercado laboral, Sistema público de pensións, Avellentamento demográfico, Dependencia, Mortality
Population ageing, Public pension system, Life expectancy, Educación, Dependency, Sanidade, Labour market, Health services, Birth rate, Emigration, Education, Mercado laboral, Sistema público de pensións, Avellentamento demográfico, Dependencia, Mortality
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