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El consentimiento informado del paciente como derecho fundamental y como derecho subjetivo

Authors: Martínez-Doallo, Noelia;

El consentimiento informado del paciente como derecho fundamental y como derecho subjetivo

Abstract

[Resumen] El consentimiento informado del paciente se inserta en el ámbito de su autonomía decisoria. Aunque presenta un sustrato corporal, este aparece combinado con elementos de índole moral que presuponen una noción concreta de persona como libre y autónoma. Tanto de las definiciones doctrinales como del material normativo se desprende que se trata de una posición jurídica subjetiva del paciente, alternativamente calificada como una “pretensión” o “derecho subjetivo en sentido estricto”, en términos hohfeldianos; un “derecho negativo de defensa”, o una “inmunidad”. En España, el Tribunal Constitucional ha vinculado el consentimiento informado del paciente al derecho fundamental a la integridad física y moral (15 CE), lo cual permite plantear el análisis en clave iusfundamental. Con todo, se advierten dudas e incompatibilidades entre la explicación habitual del consentimiento informado, su fundamento constitucional y su regulación jurídica. El objetivo de la presente tesis doctoral consiste en proporcionar una definición integral del consentimiento informado como derecho subjetivo del paciente y como manifestación de un derecho fundamental, a partir de una óptica poliédrica que aporta certeza en la práctica asistencial y jurídica.

[Resumo] O consentimento informado do paciente insírese no ámbito da súa autonomía decisoria. Aínda que presenta un substrato corporal, este aparece combinado con elementos de índole moral que presupoñen unha noción concreta de persoa como libre e autónoma. Tanto das definicións doutrinais como do material normativo despréndese que se trata dunha posición xurídica subxectiva do paciente, alternativamente cualificada como unha “pretensión” ou “dereito subxectivo en sentido estrito”, en termos hohfeldianos; un “dereito negativo de defensa”, ou unha “inmunidade”. En España, o Tribunal Constitucional ten vinculado o consentimento informado do paciente ao dereito fundamental á integridade física e moral (15 CE), o cal permite expor a análise en clave iusfundamental. Con todo, advírtense dúbidas e incompatibilidades entre a explicación habitual do consentimento informado, o seu fundamento constitucional e a súa regulación xurídica. O obxectivo da presente tese de doutoramento consiste en proporcionar unha definición integral do consentimento informado como dereito subxectivo do paciente e como manifestación dun dereito fundamental, a partir dunha óptica poliédrica que achega certeza na práctica asistencial e xurídica.

[Abstract] The patient's right to informed consent is inserted within the scope of his decision-making autonomy. Although it has a bodily background, it is combined with features of moral nature, which presupposes a concrete notion of person as free and autonomous. Both, doctrinal approaches and normative legal material show that it is a subjective legal position of the patient, being alternatively qualified as a Hohfeldian “claim” or a “subjective right in a strict sense”; a "negative right" or an "immunity." The Spanish Constitutional Court has linked the informed consent of the patient to the fundamental right to physical and moral integrity (15 CE), which allows us to propose a fundamental rights-based analysis. Nonetheless, doubts and inconsistencies are perceived between the customary explanation of informed consent, its constitutional foundation and its legal regulation. The aim of this doctoral thesis is to provide a comprehensive definition of informed consent as subjective right of the patient and expression of a fundamental right, from a multi-fold perspective that provides certainty in both legal and health care practice.

Esta tesis doctoral forma parte de los resultados del proyecto de investigación “El discurso de los bioderechos. Bases filosóficas y jurídicas para su fundamentación, caracterización y aplicación” (DER2014-52811-P), financiado por el Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad. Ayuda para Grupos con potencial de crecimiento (número ED431B 2017/43). Programa de axudas para a consolidación e estruturación de unidades de investigación competitivas e outras accións de fomento nas universidades do Sistema Universitario de Galicia. Xunta de Galicia (2017-2019).

Country
Spain
Related Organizations
Keywords

Derecho de libre decisión o elección, Dereito subxectivo, Integridade física e moral, Decision-making autonomy, Health-care relationship, Derecho subjetivo, Physical and moral integrity (privacy), Relación asistencial, Responsabilidad médica, Autonomía decisoria, Consentimiento informado (Derecho médico), Pacientes-Derecho-España, Informed consent, Right to medical information, Personal médico-Responsabilidad profesional-España, Right to make free choices, Responsabilidade médica, Fundamental right, Dereito de libre decisión ou elección, Subjective right, Derecho fundamental, Fundamental rights, Integridad física y moral, Dereito á información, Derecho a la información, Dereito fundamental, Medical responsibility

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
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