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Revisión bibliográfica : estudio de los mecanismos de resistencia bacteriana a antibióticos

Revisión bibliográfica : estudo dos mecanismos de resistencia bacteriana a antibiótico
Authors: Carballo Beltrán, David;

Revisión bibliográfica : estudio de los mecanismos de resistencia bacteriana a antibióticos

Abstract

[Resumen]: Desde el descubrimiento de la Penicilina, la lucha por encontrar antibióticos más efectivos contra las nuevas cepas bacterianas llega hasta nuestros días. Este trabajo abarca los estudios más recientes sobre los mecanismos de resistencia y multirresistencia de estas nuevas cepas. Existen 4 tipos de barreras, todas ellas reguladas a nivel genético mediante expresión de genes, plásmidos, operones, casetes génicos...etc. La primer barrera de resistencia son las biopelículas, que crean un ambiente más favorable para la trasmisión de posibles mutaciones, así como de una defensa física contra la penetración del fármaco. La segunda barrera se encuentra en la envoltura celular, varían su permeabilidad modificando el peptidoglucano de la pared y las porinas y bombas de expulsión de la membrana plasmática. A este nivel también actúan enzimas hidrolizantes de ß-lactámicos y carbapenémicos, destruyen el antibiótico antes de que actúe. Ya en el interior celular destacan las modificaciones en los ribosomas y en el material genético como la DNA girasa para rescatarlos de la inhibición.

[Resumo]: Desde o descubrimento da penicilina, a loita por atopar antibióticos máis efectivos contra as novas cepas bacterianas chega aos nosos días. Este traballo abarca os estudos máis recentes sobre os mecanismos de resistencia e multirresistencia destas novas cepas. Existen catro tipos de barreiras, todas elas reguladas a nivel xenético a través da expresión de xenes, plásmidos, operóns, casetes de xenes...etc. A primeira barreira de resistencia son os biofilms, que crean un ambiente máis favorable para a transmisión de posibles mutacións, así como tamén unha defensa física contra a penetración da droga. A segunda barreira atópase no sobre da célula, varía a súa permeabilidade, modifica o peptidoglicano da parede, e as porinas e as bombas de expulsión da membrana plasmática. As enzimas de hidrólisis de ß-lactamas e carbapenemas tamén actúan a este nivel destruíndo o antibiótico antes de que actúe. Xa no interior celular destacan as modificacions nos ribosomas e no material xénico coma a DNA xirasa para rescatalos da inhibición.

[Abstract]: Since the discovery of Penicillin, the struggle to find more effective antibiotics against the new bacterial strains reaches our days. This work covers the most recent studies on the mechanisms of resistance and multiresistance of these new strains. There are 4 types of barriers, all of them regulated at the genetic level through expression of genes, plasmids, operons, gene cassettes... etc. The first resistance barrier is biofilms, which create a more favorable environment for the transmission of possible mutations, as well as a physical defense against the penetration of the drug. The second barrier is found in the cell envelope, its permeability varies, modifying the peptidoglycan in the wall, and the porins and efflux pumps of the plasma membrane. Hydrolysing enzymes of ß-lactams and carbapenems also act at this level, destroying the antibiotic before it acts. Inside the cell, It include modifications in ribosomes and genetic material such as DNA gyrase to rescue them of the inhibition.

Traballo fin de grao (UDC.CIE). Bioloxía. Curso 2017/2018

Country
Spain
Related Organizations
Keywords

Multirresistencia, Antibiotics, Resistencias, Multirresistencias, Resistence, Antibióticos, Bacterias, Multiresistence

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
Average
Average
Green