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Implicaciones de la hormona de crecimiento, hormonas gastrointestinales, irisina y "microARNs" en la obesidad

Authors: Pena-Bello, Lara;

Implicaciones de la hormona de crecimiento, hormonas gastrointestinales, irisina y "microARNs" en la obesidad

Abstract

[Resumen]La obesidad es una de las principales preocupaciones relacionadas con la salud pública. En la obesidad se producen diferentes alteraciones hormonales, como el aumento de la leptina y la disminución de la hormona de crecimiento (GH) y la ghrellna. Entre los estlmulos secretorios de GH que se conservan en la obesidad es destacable el que se presenta de forma tardla tras la sobrecarga oral de glucosa (SOG). La ghrelina tiene una potente acción como factor orexigénico y podrfa ser una seílal fundamental relacionando la ingesta con el desarrollo de la obesidad. Existen otras hormonas importantes en la regulación de la ingesta, entre ellas el péptido Y (PVY). Además el descubrimiento reciente de una nueva hormona secretada por el músculo esquelético (irisina) abre el abanico en el estudio de las alteraciones hormonales en la obesidad. Por otra parte, los microARNs (miARNs) se postularon como posibles reguladores de una serie de procesos biológicos, incluida la adipogénesis. En este contexto, el objetivo global de esta tesis es avanzar en la caracterización del papel de la GH, PVY, irisina y ghrelina en pacientes normales, obesos e hipopituitarios y por otra parte estudiar el papel de los miARNs hlpotalámlcos en un modelo animal en la regulación de diversos problemas metabólicos asociados con la obesidad como la resistencia a la insulina ya la leptina. Podemos concluir que tras la SOG los niveles de GH V ghrelina total están disminuidos en los pacientes obesos con respecto a los controles, además en mujeres encontramos que la ghrelina circulante es un importante regulador de la secreción de la GH, que los valores de irisina son superiores en obesos V que existen varias familias de miARNs relacionados con las rutas de seílalización de la leptina V la insulina que se encuentran alterados a nivel hipotalámico en ratas obesas, anoréxicas V/o tratadas con leptina

[Resumo]A obesidade é unha das principais preocupacións relacionadas coa saúde pública. Na obesidade prodúcense diferentes alteracións hormonais, como o aumento da leptina e a dlminución da hormona de crecemento (GH) e a ghrelina. Entre os estímulos secretorios de GH que se conserva na obesidad e é destacable o que se presenta de forma tardía tras a sobrecarga oral de glucosa (SOG). A ghrelina ten unha potente acción como factor oresixénico e poderla ser un sinal fundamental relacionando a inxestión co desenvolvemento da obesidade. Existen outras hormonas importantes na regulación da inxestión, entre elas o péptido Y (PYV). Ademais o descubrimento recente dunha nova hormona segregada polo músculo esquelético (irisina) abre o abano no estudo das alteracions hormonais na obesidade. Por outra parte, os microARNs (mIARNs) postuláronse como posibles reguladores dunha serie de procesos biolóxicos, incluida a adipoxénese. Neste contexto, o obxectivo global desta tese é avanzar na caracterización do papel da GH, PYV, irisina e ghrelina en pacientes normais, obesos e hipopituitarios e por outra parte estudar o papel dos miARNs hipotalámicos nun modelo animal na regulaci6n de diversos problemas metabóicos asociados coa obesidade como a resistencia á insulina e á leptina. Podemos concluir que tras a SOG os niveis de GH e ghrelina total están diminuidos nos pacientes obesos con respecto aos controis, ademais en mulleres encontramos que a ghrellna circulante é un importante regulador da secreción da GH, que os valores de irisina son superiores en obesos e que existen varias familias de miARNs relacionados coas rutas de sinalizaci6n da leptina e a insulina que se atopan alterados a nivel hipotalámico en ratas obesas, anoréxicas e/ou tratadas con leptina.

[Abstract]Obesity is one of the main concerns related to the public health. In the obesity different hormonal alteratlons, as the increase of leptin and the decrease of growth hormone (GH) and ghrelin, take place. Among the GH secretory stimuli that are preserved in the obesity is noteworthy which occurs at a late stage after the oral glucose overload (OGO). Ghrelin has a powerful action as orexlgenic factor and could be a basic signal relating the food intake to the development of the obesity. There are other important hormones in the regulation of the ingestion, among them the peptide Y (PYY). Besides the recent discovery of a new hormone secreted by the skeletal muscle (irlsin) opens the range in the study of the hormonal alterations in the obesity. On the other hand, the microRNAs (miRNAs) were postulated as possible regulators of a series of biological processes, included adipogenesis. In thls context, the global goal of thls thesis is to advance in the characterization of role the GH, PYY, irisin and ghrelin in normal, obese and hypopituitary patients and on the other hand, to study the role of hypothalamic miRNAs in an animal model in the regulation of different metabolic problems related with the obesity like insulin and leptin resistance. We can conclude that after the OGO GH and total ghrelin levels are decreased in the obese patients with regard to the controls, besides in women we find that circulating ghrelin levels are an important regulator of GH secretion, that blood irisin levels are superior In obese and moreover several famlies of miRNAs related with leptin and insulin signaling pathways show hypothalamic expression levels altered in obese, anorexic and/or with leptin treatments

Country
Spain
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Keywords

Obesidad, Metabolismo, Trastornos del

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
Average
Average
Green