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Patogenia, manifestaciones y manejo de los trastornos nutricionales asociados a la demencia tipo Alzheimer

Authors: Martínez Peteiro, Andrea;

Patogenia, manifestaciones y manejo de los trastornos nutricionales asociados a la demencia tipo Alzheimer

Abstract

[Resumen] Introducción: Con el aumento de la esperanza de vida, la proporción de personas mayores está aumentando en los últimos años. La enfermedad de Alzheimer (EA) es un trastorno neurodegenerativo, que contribuye al aumento de la discapacidad y la dependencia. Se asocia frecuentemente a trastornos nutricionales. Objetivos: Los objetivos de este estudio son analizar: la incidencia de los trastornos nutricionales en las personas mayores con EA, sus mecanismos patogénicos, sus manifestaciones principales, la importancia de la valoración nutricional rutinaria y las estrategias de prevención. Material y métodos: Se realizó una búsqueda en varias bases de datos bibliográficas (Scopus, ISI web of Knowledge y Pub Med) para referencias en español y en inglés, limitando la búsqueda al resumen o palabras clave y utilizando como límites temporales el período 2003-2013. Resultados: La EA es un factor de riesgo de malnutrición para las personas que lo padecen. Entre los múltiples factores que pueden provocar malnutrición, cabe destacar el deterioro de la función cognitiva, cambios de apetito y la función sensorial, alteraciones neuropsicológicos y enfermedades crónicas. El mal estado nutricional tiene como consecuencia un aumento de la morbilidad y la mortalidad. Entre las estrategias de evaluación se puede diferenciar un abordaje nutricional, abordaje ambiental y postural y un abordaje farmacológico. Conclusiones: El estado nutricional de las personas es un factor determinante de la calidad de vida, la morbilidad y la mortalidad, por lo que es importante realizar la valoración de este estado, para detectar y tratar de forma precoz situaciones de riesgo de malnutrición.

[Abstract] Introduction: With increasing life expectancy, the proportion of older people is increasing in recent years. Alzheimer 's disease is a neurodegenerative disease that contributes to increased disability and dependency. It is frequently associated with nutritional disorders. Objectives: The objectives of this study are to analyze: the incidence of nutritional disorders in older people with AD, their pathogenic mechanisms, their main manifestations, the importance of routine nutritional assessment and prevention strategies. Methods: A search was conducted in several bibliographic databases (PubMed, ISI web of Knowledge and Scopus) for references in Spanish and English, limiting the search to the abstract or keywords and using as temporary limits the period 2003-2013 . Results: Alzheimer 's disease is a risk factor for malnutrition for people who suffer from it. Among the many factors that can cause malnutrition in these patients we can highlight impaired cognitive function, appetite changes and sensory function, neuropsychological disorders and chronic diseases. Poor nutritional status and weight loss, is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. Strategies for assessment include a nutritional, environmental, postural and pharmacological approach. Conclusions: The nutritional status of the people is an important determinant of quality of life, morbidity and mortality, so it is important to measure this state to detect and treat early forms of malnutrition risk situations.

Traballo fin de mestrado (UDC.FCS). Mestrado Universitario en Xerontoloxía. Curso 2013/2014.

Country
Spain
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Keywords

Malnutrición, Nutritional disorders, Enfermedad de Alzheimer, Malnutrition, Trastornos nutricionales, Personas de edad avanzada, Alzheimer’s disease, Aged

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
Average
Average
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