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La interferencia de las patentes en el ejercicio del derecho de libertad de investigación

Authors: Wong Ramírez, Sulan Cristina;

La interferencia de las patentes en el ejercicio del derecho de libertad de investigación

Abstract

[Resumen]La patente, en el discurso de los derechos de propiedad intelectual, es defendida como un instrumento que incentiva el desarrollo científico, beneficiando a la sociedad al generar productos y servicios útiles que mejoran la calidad de vida de las personas. Esta concepción, deudora del relato jurídico-político moderno, se ha mantenido inalterable en el tiempo. Sin embargo, la patente, al otorgar derechos exclusivos de explotación, crea situaciones que interfieren en el ejercicio de la libertad de investigación científica. En este trabajo se analizan cinco escenarios en los que se aprecia este problema y se pone en entredicho la función utilitarista de la patente. En primer lugar, se observan los efectos del financiamiento en la definición de las líneas y objetivos de investigación. En segundo lugar, se estudia el anticommons, una situación en donde la excesiva fragmentación propietaria del saber científico puede llegar a impedir su uso. En tercer lugar, examinamos las patentes amplias y sus implicaciones. En cuarto lugar, estudiamos como el poder disuasorio del litigio de patentes puede desalentar la investigación y generar un imprevisto modelo de negocio. En quinto lugar, consideramos como la lógica del sistema de patentes conduce al secretismo en la ciencia.

[Resumo] A patente, no discurso dos dereitos de propiedade intelectual, é defendida como un instrumento que incentiva o desenvolvemento científico, beneficiando á sociedade ao xerar produtos e servizos útiles que melloran a calidade de vida das persoas. Esta concepción, debedora do relato xurídico-político moderno, mantívose inalterable no tempo. Non obstante, a patente, ao outorgar dereitos exclusivos de explotación, crea situacións que interfiren no exercicio da liberdade de investigación científica. Neste traballo analízanse cinco escenarios nos que se aprecia este problema e se pon en dúbida a función utilitarista da patente. En primeiro lugar, obsérvanse os efectos do financiamento na definición das liñas e obxectivos de investigación. En segundo lugar, estúdase o anticommons, unha situación onde a excesiva fragmentación propietaria do saber científico pode chegar a impedir o seu uso. En terceiro lugar, examinamos as patentes amplas e as súas implicacións. En cuarto lugar, estudamos como o poder disuasorio do litixio de patentes pode desalentar a investigación e xerar un imprevisto modelo de negocio. En quinto lugar, consideramos como a lóxica do sistema de patentes conduce ao secretismo na ciencia.

[Abstract] Patents, in the discourse of intellectual property rights, are said that encourage scientific development, benefiting society by creating useful products and services that improve the quality of life. This conception, a debtor of modern legal and political rhetoric, has remained unchanged over time. However, patents, by granting exclusive rights of exploitation, create situations where they interfere with the exercise of the freedom of scientific research. This work examines five scenarios in which this problem can be seen and in which the utilitarian function of patents is questioned. Firstly, the effects of financing in the definition of the lines and research objectives are observed. Secondly, the anticommons is studied, as it is a situation where excessive fragmentation of ownership in scientific knowledge may prevent its use. Thirdly, broad patents and their implications are examined. Fourthly, the deterrent power of patent litigation is analyzed, as it may discourage research, while creating an unexpected business model. Fifthly, secrecy is looked upon, as it is encouraged by the logic in which the patent system works.

Country
Spain
Related Organizations
Keywords

Propiedad intelectual, Investigación, Libertad de enseñanza, Patentes

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
Average
Average
Green