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Incentivos financieros, preferencias sociales y motivación de los profesionales sanitarios

Authors: García Carreira, Andrés;

Incentivos financieros, preferencias sociales y motivación de los profesionales sanitarios

Abstract

[Resumen] La necesidad de alinear los intereses de las organizaciones con aquellos de los profesionales sanitarios ha llevado a buscar distintos elementos motivadores de la conducta. En este contexto se ha de enmarcar el establecimiento de incentivos monetarios como medio para incrementar la calidad asistencial y racionalizar el gasto sanitario a través de un uso más eficiente de los recursos disponibles. El uso de este tipo de planes está aumentando en los últimos años. El QoF (Quality and Outcomes Framework) en el Reino Unido o el Practice Incentives Program en Australia son dos ejemplos de esta tendencia. En España, en concreto, el RD 3/1987 ya establecía las bases para un sistema de incentivos al instaurar una retribución económica denominada “productividad variable”, vinculada a la consecución de unos objetivos específicos, y los paquetes retributivos de las distintas Comunidades Autónomas contemplan en mayor o menor medida estos pagos variables. El presente trabajo explora los efectos de los incentivos financieros (incentivos explícitos) y de su interacción con las preferencias sociales (incentivos implícitos) de los profesionales sanitarios, sobre la eficiencia en el uso de los recursos del sistema y la calidad asistencial. Si bien es cierto que los incentivos financieros pueden tener un cierto éxito en la consecución de ambos objetivos, las evidencias existentes demuestran la importancia de las preferencias sociales como elemento motivador. En este contexto se analiza el papel que juegan ambos factores sin olvidar su interacción, y los posibles efectos de refuerzo (crowding in) o erosión (crowding out) que los primeros pueden ejercer sobre los segundos, con el objeto de resaltar la importancia de considerar un sistema integral de incentivos como la opción más adecuada a la hora de diseñar una estrategia de política sanitaria.

[Abstract] The need to align the interests of organizations with those of health professionals has encouraged the search for specific motivators of individual behaviour. In this context, the establishment of monetary incentives has to be seen as a means to increase the quality of care and streamline health spending through a more efficient use of available resources. The use of incentive schemes in the healthcare sector is increasing in recent years. The QOF (Quality and Outcomes Framework) in the UK or the Practice Incentives Program in Australia are two examples of this trend. In Spain, in particular, the basis for an incentive scheme in the healthcare sector has been established since 1987 by the RD 3/1987 law, which introduced a financial reward called “variable productivity”, tied to the achievement of specific objectives, and compensation packages of various Spanish regions consider to a greater or lesser extent these variable payments. This paper explores the effects of financial incentives (explicit incentives) and its interaction with social preferences (implicit incentives) of healthcare professionals, on the efficient use of system resources and the quality of healthcare. While it is true that financial incentives can have some success in achieving both objectives, existing evidence shows the importance of social preferences as a motivator. In this context we analyze the role of both factors and their interaction, and the possible effects of reinforcement (crowding in) or erosion (crowding out) that the former can exercise over the latter in order to highlight the importance of considering a comprehensive system of incentives as the best option when designing a strategy for health policy.

Traballo fin de grao (UDC.ECO). Ciencias empresariais. Curso 2011/2012

Country
Spain
Related Organizations
Keywords

Incentivos, Motivación, Sector sanitario

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
Average
Average
Green