The domes of Florence offer a big architectural system to be investigated, and its big heritage value has brought to an investigation, which moved from general aspects to particular ones. It started from the accurate cataloguing of all of the churches’ domes in Florence, and it focused on the analysis of one of the most important artist of the Italian renaissance: Filippo Brunelleschi. The study of life and works of this architect was conducted through the documents, which are preserved at the Opera del Duomo, through his biographer Antonio di Tuccio Manetti and the Storie by Giorgio Vasari. It brought to find the fil rouge, which links the main steps of his life and that has offered an important cue to investigate the historical, geometrical, morphological and iconological genesis of some particular structures: cloister domes and polygonal vaults.