More than 2.2 million people are incarcerated in the United States, and thousands of these men and women will be brought to medical facilities at some point during their arrest or incarceration. Radiologic technologists across the country conduct imaging procedures for correctional facility patients. Some technologists work within prison infirmaries or in mobile units parked on prison grounds. Others work in hospitals that have contracts with penitentiaries. Whether inside or outside prison walls, imaging of correctional patients requires awareness. This Directed Reading describes the prison environment in the United States, the most common diseases that prisoners have, special prison populations and safety measures for performing imaging procedures on patients in the custody of prison officials.