Benign bone tumors are neoplasms which have their origin in bone and lack criteria of malignant tumors, i.e. infiltrative growth pattern and distant metastases. They are classified according to the WHO criteria concerning the tumor matrix (osseous, cartilaginous, fibrous etc.). Traditionally there are also some non-neoplastic bone lesions which are classified as benign bone tumors and belonging to the group of tumor-like bone lesions. For the physician it is important to know those entities which are harmless, as well as those which can tend to re-occur or which ones can be locally destructive. Finally, some tumors are at risk of becoming malignant (large and proximal enchondromas or multiple tumors within a syndromal disease). Treatment is in most cases uncomplicated and can range between observation, curettage and sometimes extensive resection with complex defect reconstruction.