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Evaluación holística del riesgo sísmico en zonas urbanas

Holistic assessment on seismic risk in urban areas
Authors: Barbat Barbat, Horia Alejandro; Carreño Tibaduiza, Martha Liliana; Cardona Arboleda, Omar Darío; Marulanda Fraume, Mabel Cristina;

Evaluación holística del riesgo sísmico en zonas urbanas

Abstract

Con el propósito de gestión, el riesgo se define como las consecuencias económicas, sociales y ambientales potenciales de eventos peligrosos que pueden ocurrir en un perí­odo de tiempo específico. En el pasado, el concepto de riesgo se ha definido en muchos casos de una forma fragmentada, de acuerdo con cada disciplina involucarada en su evaluación. En este artículo se propone un marco conceptual y un modelo de evaluación multidisciplinar del riesgo sísmico que tenga en cuenta sólo el dato físico esperado y el número o tipo de víctimas o las pérdidas económicas, sino también las condiciones relacionadas con la fragilidad social y la falta de resiliencia que favorecen los efectos de segundo orden (o efectos indirectos) cuando un terremoto impacta un centro urbano. De esta manera, dicha evaluación es holística, es decir, parte de un enfoque integral y compresivo, se realiza con base en la utilización de indicadores y tiene como principal objetivo guiar la toma de decisiones. El marco conceptual y modelo propuestos son válidos también para su aplicación a estudios de riesgo multiamenaza, aunque este artículo se ha centrado en su aplicación al estudio del riesgo sísmico. El primer paso para obtener el índice de riesgo sí­smico urbano (USRi) que se propone en el artículo consiste en calcular un índice de riesgo sísmico físico para cada unidad de análisis partiendo de escenarios existentes de pérdida física. En un segundo paso se aplica a este índice un factor de impacto que tiene en cuenta un conjunto de condiciones socio-económicas y de falta de resiliencia de la comunidad que agrava los efectos fí­sicos, lo que proporciona el USRi. Ha sido demostrado que el modelo de evaluación holística del riesgo sísmico que se propone es robusto, proporcionando valores del USRi estables y fiables. Finalmente, en el artículo se incluyen resultados de simulación numérica del riesgo sísmico obtenidos mediante la aplicación del modelo propuesto a las ciudades de Bogotá (Colombia), Barcelona (España) y Manila (Filipinas)

Risk has been defined, for management purposes, as the potential economic, social and environmental consequences of hazardous events that may occur in a specified period of time. In the past, the concept of risk has been defined in many cases in a fragmentary way, according to each scientific discipline involved in its appraisal. A framework and a multidisciplinary risk evaluation model is proposed in this article that take into account not only the expected physical damage, the number and type of casualties or the economic losses, but also the conditions related to soial fragility and lack of resilience which favor second order effects (or indirect effects) when an earthquake strikes an urban centre. Thus, the mentioned evaluation is holistic, that is based on an integrated and comprehensive approach, made by using indicatos andoriented towards guiding decision-making. Th conceptual framework and the model proposed are also valid for their applicationto multihazard risk evaluation, although this article has been focused on the evaluation of the seismic riskk. The first step in obtaining the Urban Seismic Risk index (USRi) consists of calculating a Physical Risk index for each unit of analysis starting form existing physical risk scenarios. An impact factor, associated with a set of socio-economic and lack of resilience conditions of the community, is applied in a second step to the physical risk index in order to obtain the USRi. It has been demostrated that the proponed holistic evaluationmodel of the seismic risk in robust, provideing stable and reliable values of the USRi. Finally, numerical simulation results of the seismic risk obtained with the proposed model are given in the article for the cities of Bogota (Colombia), Barcelona (Spain) and Manila (The Phillipines)

Peer Reviewed

Country
Spain
Related Organizations
Keywords

Elements finits, Finite element method, Risc sísmic, Mètode dels, Àrees temàtiques de la UPC::Matemàtiques i estadística::Anàlisi numèrica::Mètodes en elements finits, Elements finits, Mètode dels, Earthquake hazard analysis

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
Average
Average