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Desarrollo de microarrecifes artificiales utilizando calcita biogénica activada mecano-químicamente

Authors: Godoy Reynoso, Giuliana Valentina;

Desarrollo de microarrecifes artificiales utilizando calcita biogénica activada mecano-químicamente

Abstract

Aquest treball desenvolupa i avalua microesculls artificials a partir de residus de calcita biogènica, concretament conquilles de musclo i closques d’ou, activats mitjançant processos mecano-químics. La recerca parteix de la necessitat de trobar materials alternatius i sostenibles davant l’ús del ciment Portland, el qual presenta un alt impacte ambiental i limita la seva aplicació en la restauració marina. Es van dur a terme processos d’esterilització i assecat dels residus, seguits de la seva caracterització física mitjançant assaigs de granulometria, densitat real i aparent, i absorció d’aigua. Posteriorment, es van dissenyar contramotlles digitals amb Blender, fabricats amb impressió 3D en dues escales, per a l’obtenció de motlles de silicona reutilitzables. Els resultats mostren que les conquilles de musclo presenten una densitat real de 2,62 g/cm³, molt propera a la calcita teòrica, i una absorció d’aigua elevada (12,1%), fet que evidencia la seva porositat i la capacitat per afavorir la colonització biològica. Així mateix, l’heterogeneïtat granulomètrica aporta textures que incrementen la bioreceptivitat. En conclusió, els residus biogènics estudiats constitueixen una matèria primera amb un gran potencial per al disseny de substrats en microesculls artificials. La seva valorització contribueix a l’economia circular, redueix l’ús de recursos verges i obre noves oportunitats en la restauració d’ecosistemes marins degradats.

Este trabajo desarrolla y evalúa microarrecifes artificiales a partir de residuos de calcita biogénica, concretamente conchas de mejillón y cáscaras de huevo, activados mediante procesos mecano-químicos. La investigación parte de la necesidad de encontrar materiales alternativos y sostenibles frente al uso del cemento Portland, cuyo elevado impacto ambiental limita su aplicación en la restauración marina. Se llevaron a cabo procesos de esterilización y secado de los residuos, seguidos de su caracterización física mediante ensayos de granulometría, densidad real y aparente, y absorción de agua. Posteriormente, se diseñaron contramoldes digitales en Blender, fabricados con impresión 3D en dos escalas, para la obtención de moldes de silicona reutilizables. Los resultados muestran que las conchas de mejillón presentan una densidad real de 2,62 g/cm³, próxima a la calcita teórica, y una elevada absorción de agua (12,1%), lo que evidencia su porosidad y capacidad para favorecer la colonización biológica. Asimismo, la heterogeneidad granulométrica aporta texturas que incrementan la bioreceptividad. En conclusión, los residuos biogénicos estudiados representan una materia prima con gran potencial para el diseño de sustratos en microarrecifes artificiales. Su valorización contribuye a la economía circular, reduce el uso de recursos vírgenes y abre nuevas oportunidades en la restauración de ecosistemas marinos degradados.

This final degree project develops and assesses artificial micro-reefs using biogenic calcite residues, specifically mussel shells and eggshells, activated through mechanochemical processes. The research addresses the need for sustainable alternatives to Portland cement, whose high environmental footprint restricts its application in marine restoration. The study included sterilization and drying of the residues, followed by physical characterization through granulometry, real and bulk density, and water absorption tests. Digital counter-molds were designed in Blender, 3D printed in two scales, and used to create reusable silicone molds. Results indicate that mussel shells exhibit a real density of 2.62 g/cm³, close to theoretical calcite, and a high water absorption capacity (12.1%), highlighting their porosity and potential to enhance biological colonization. Furthermore, the heterogeneous particle size distribution provides surface textures that improve bioreceptivity. In conclusion, biogenic residues demonstrate great potential as raw materials for the design of substrates in artificial micro-reefs. Their valorization promotes circular economy practices, reduces dependence on virgin resources, and offers new opportunities for restoring degraded marine ecosystems.

Country
Spain
Related Organizations
Keywords

Organic wastes, Artificial reefs, Three-dimensional printing, Economia circular, Àrees temàtiques de la UPC::Desenvolupament humà i sostenible::Medi ambient::Ecologia, Esculls artificials, Impressió 3D, Ecologia marina, Residus orgànics, Marine ecology

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
Average
Average
Green