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Disseny d'un criòstat per realització d'assaigs mecànics de materials compostos a baixa temperatura

Authors: Perez Ferre, Alba;

Disseny d'un criòstat per realització d'assaigs mecànics de materials compostos a baixa temperatura

Abstract

Fer una aviació sostenible en els propers anys és possiblement el gran desafiament de la indústria aeronàutica actual. Per aquest motiu en aquest sector hi ha una àmplia recerca sobre alternatives més sostenibles als combustibles fòssils. Entre d'altres opcions en investigació, la gran promesa és utilitzar hidrogen líquid com a combustible ja que és un element que es pot obtenir d'energies renovables i que en combustionar no genera emissions contaminants al medi ambient. Tanmateix, el fet que la temperatura de liquació de l'hidrogen és 20 K, suposa un repte tècnic important: desenvolupar coneixement sobre el comportament dels materials a temperatures criogèniques. Donada la poca informació disponible de les propietats mecàniques de molts materials utilitzats en la indústria aeronàutica a baixes temperatures, el sector necessita disposar de dispositius d'assaig per estudiar-ne el seu comportament. És amb aquest objectiu, que Applus Laboratories s'ha embarcat en un projecte d'investigació i desenvolupament d'un banc d'assaig, en el qual he tingut el plaer de participar. En el marc d'aquest projecte, aquest document recull el disseny d'un criòstat que permeti industrialitzar els assajos de propietats mecàniques dels materials a temperatures criogèniques. Específicament, un criòstat que -a diferència dels que existeixen en el mercat- redueixi la massa a refredar, implicant una reducció substancial del temps d'assaig i proporcionalment dels costos. Aquest treball descriu la sèrie d'hipòtesis, proves experimentals i conclusions realitzades al llarg del desenvolupament d'aquest criòstat. Després de realitzar un treball tan experimental, algunes de les conclusions extretes són la rellevància d'un exhaustiu coneixement de la literatura existent i la importància del correcte plantejament de les hipòtesis i les proves necessàries per confirmar-les o refutar-les. Ambdós aspectes permeten reduir els temps d'investigació i per tant optimitzar els recursos disponibles. A data de lliurament d'aquest treball de final de grau, el criòstat encara no és funcional, però els aprenentatges i conclusions extrets, descrits en aquest document, mantenen viu el projecte a dia d'avui

Achieving a sustainable aviation in the short future is possibly the biggest challenge of the aeronautical industry. This is what strongly motivates research for more sustainable alternatives to fossil fuels. Among others, one of the most promising options is to use liquid hydrogen as fuel, since it can be extracted from renewable energies and its combustion does not create polluting emissions into the atmosphere. However, the fact that the boiling temperature of liquid hydrogen is 20 K supposes various technical difficulties. Indeed, this is why it is key to develop knowledge about how materials react to cryogenic temperatures. Given the lack of information about mechanical properties at cryogenic temperatures of many materials used in the aerospace industry, bench tests are demanded in the sector to test these properties. With this objective, Applus Laboratories has participated in an R&D project to develop a test bench, in which I have had the pleasure to contribute. Framed in this project, this document describes the process of designing a new cryostat that allows testing materials at cryogenic temperatures. The difference between this cryostat and the ones that already exist is that the former is meant to reduce the mass to be cooled down to significantly reduce the test time, therefore proportionally reducing the costs of each test. This thesis describes the different assumptions experimental testing and conclusions achieved during the development of this new cryostat. Being such an experimental work, some of the main conclusions extracted are as follows: having a deep knowledge of the literature is of utmost relevance, as well as defining correct assumptions and then, according to the tests, confirming or refuting them. All of these aspects strongly contribute to reducing the time of research as well as optimizing available resources. At the delivery date of this report, the new cryostat is not functional yet, but the knowledge and conclusions acquired in the process of this design maintain the project alive today.

Objectius de Desenvolupament Sostenible::9 - Indústria, Innovació i Infraestructura

Country
Spain
Keywords

Baixa temperatura, Materials compostos, Tests, Propietats mecàniques, Composite materials, Assaigs, Àrees temàtiques de la UPC::Aeronàutica i espai, Criòstat, 620, Criòstat; Criogènia; Assaigs; Tests; Experiments; Propietats mecàniques; Materials compostos; Composites; Baixa temperatura, Temperatures baixes--Investigació, Low temperatures--Experiments, Criogènia, Experiments, Composites

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
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